Self-study
P1
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. ███
Intro to Issue ·
Should custom medical illustrations be allowed in the courtroom?
Opponents ·
Custom illustrations unnecessary
Medical textbooks are adequate for most types of injuries. Only for the most unusual injuries should custom medical illustrations be allowed.
P2
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Opponents ·
Custom illustrations misrepresent facts
Even some lawyers believe that custom illustrations can be distorted to bolster a weak case.
Author's Critique ·
of misrepresentation argument
Medical experts must testify in court to the illustrations' accuracy.
P3
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Opponents ·
Custom illustrations may subtly distort issues
Author's Critique ·
of subtly distort issues argument
Custom illustrations don’t distort. They just emphasize relevant details and leave out the kinds of irrelevant details that clutter up textbook illustrations.
P4
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Author’s Main Point ·
Custom illustrations have high value
X-rays; tomography scans; medical reports; expert testimony; etc. can be challenging for jurors to understand. Custom illustrations turn that data into visuals which can be clarifying.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
13.
The author's attitude toward the █████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████████ ██
a
appreciation of the ██████████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██████████ ███ █████████████ ██ ████ █████████
The author doesn’t show skepticism about the effectiveness of expert testimony. She never comments on whether experts are, in the end, able to convey their ideas and provide the information needed for a case. She’s just realistic about the fact that such testimony can involve technical language, and she thinks custom illustrations can help with that.
b
admiration for the ████████ █████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ██████████████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████████████
The author doesn’t show disdain for medical professionals. She’s just realistic about the fact that their testimony can involve technical language and that this can make them more difficult to understand, regardless of their communication skills.
c
acceptance of the ████████ ██ ████ █████████ ███████████ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ █ ████████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████
Strongly supported.
d
respect for the ███████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ████████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ █████████████ ██ ███ ██ █████████ ██████ ███ ██████ ████ █████████ ███████
There’s no support that the author thinks medical professionals try to overwhelm anyone. She’s just realistic about the fact that their testimony can involve technical language.
e
respect for expert █████████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ ███ ██ █████████ ███████████
The author doesn’t show any intolerance of technical terminology. She accepts that such terminology is part of expert testimony, and thinks that custom illustrations can help make matters easier.