PT132.S1.P2.Q14

PrepTest 132 - Section 1 - Passage 2 - Question 14

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P1

While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. ███

Intro to Issue · Should custom medical illustrations be allowed in the courtroom?
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Opponents · Custom illustrations unnecessary
Medical textbooks are adequate for most types of injuries. Only for the most unusual injuries should custom medical illustrations be allowed.
P2

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Opponents · Custom illustrations misrepresent facts
Even some lawyers believe that custom illustrations can be distorted to bolster a weak case.
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Author's Critique · of misrepresentation argument
Medical experts must testify in court to the illustrations' accuracy.
P3

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Opponents · Custom illustrations may subtly distort issues
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Author's Critique · of subtly distort issues argument
Custom illustrations don’t distort. They just emphasize relevant details and leave out the kinds of irrelevant details that clutter up textbook illustrations.
P4

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Author’s Main Point · Custom illustrations have high value
X-rays; tomography scans; medical reports; expert testimony; etc. can be challenging for jurors to understand. Custom illustrations turn that data into visuals which can be clarifying.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Show answer
14.

The author's primary purpose in ███ █████ █████████ ██ ██

a

argue for a ███████ ███ ██ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ██ █████ █████ █████████ ████████ ██████

The author doesn’t go so far as to argue for greater use; she just defends their existing use. And anyway, we’re only interested in the purpose of P3 specifically, and the author doesn’t make any recommendations in P3. She just counters the critique that custom illustrations distort things.

7%
b

reply to a ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████

The objection raised in P2 is that custom illustrations are misleading. P3 starts off with a variant of that objection: custom illustrations distort the issues. The author then replies, arguing that custom illustrations don’t distort; they just emphasize relevant details and leave out irrelevant ones.

48%
c

argue against the ████████ ████ █████████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ███ █████████

The author isn’t arguing that textbook illustrations are bad—she’s arguing that custom illustrations are different from textbook ones in ways that make them particularly helpful and that don’t distort things, despite what some critics say. Her point isn’t to make us hate textbook illustrations; it’s to make us like custom illustrations. So even though she notes in P3 that textbook illustrations aren’t ideal, she only does so as a premise to support the real purpose of P3: to defend custom illustrations against critics.

13%
d

discuss in greater ██████ ███ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ███ █████████████

Descriptively accurate but not the primary purpose. The author briefly describes a controversy with custom illustrations but then launches into an argument about why the naysayers are wrong. Her point isn’t to explain why custom illustrations are controversial—it’s to show that the controversy is unfounded and that custom illustrations are actually quite helpful.

6%
e

describe the differences ███████ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ███ █████████████ ████ ███████ █████████

Descriptively accurate but not the primary purpose. The author describes these differences to support a larger point: rather than distorting anything, custom illustrations just remove certain unnecessary details (ones that textbooks illustrations would include), which makes custom illustrations helpful for court cases.

26%

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