PT132.S2.Q11

SECTION 1 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8

PASSAGE 2
Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3
Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4
Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2
Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13

PASSAGE 3
Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20

PASSAGE 4
Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27 Question 28

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 132 - Section 2 - Question 11

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Scientist: To study the comparative effectiveness of two experimental medications for athlete’s foot, a representative sample of people with athlete’s foot were randomly assigned to one of two groups. ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ █████ ███████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ████ █████ ██████████ ██

█████████ ████ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██

Summarize Argument

The reporter concludes that, in a study testing medications for athlete’s foot, anyone who was not cured was not given medication M. This is based on the observation that, in the study, everyone whose athlete’s foot was cured received medication M.

Identify and Describe Flaw

This is a cookie-cutter flaw: confusing sufficient and necessary conditions. In the study, everyone whose athlete’s foot was cured received medication M, making medication M necessary to have been cured in this study. However, that doesn’t mean medication M is sufficient to cure every case that it was used to treat. In other words, it’s possible that not everyone who received medication M was cured.

Analysis by AlexandraNash

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11.

Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████████ █████ ██ ██████████

The reporter concludes ████ ████████ ███████ ████ ████ █ ███ ████ ███████████ ████ ████ █ ██████ █████ ███████████ █████

The argument confuses sufficient and necessary conditions. Only M cures athlete’s foot, making it necessary for curing athlete’s foot in the study. However, that doesn’t mean it’s sufficient to always cure athlete’s foot.

The reporter illicitly █████ █ ██████████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ █ █████ ██ ███ █████ ██ █ █████ █████████ ████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ███████████

The reporter only draws a conclusion about the study, not the population as a whole.

The reporter presumes, ███████ █████████ ██████████████ ████ ███████████ █ ███ █ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ███████████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████

The reporter doesn’t make any claims about the availability of the medications, only their effects on athlete’s foot in the study.

The reporter fails ██ █████ ███ ███ ███████████ ████ ███████████ ████ ███ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██ ██████

The reporter is only drawing a conclusion about the efficacy of medication M based on the study, and doesn’t need to account for the possibility that athlete’s foot could be cured in other ways.

The reporter presumes, ███████ █████████ ██████████████ ████ █████ ██ ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████ ███████████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██████████ ██

The reporter is only discussing the study, where every participant whose athlete’s foot was cured had received M. The possibility of this kind of subgroup is irrelevant to M being necessary to cure athlete’s foot in the study.

Difficulty

Question

87% of people who answer get this correct

This is a slightly challenging question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 129

141

75% 152

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Flaw or descriptive weakening

Stimulus Tags

Conditional reasoning

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

87%

164

149

152

156

157

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