Self-study
P1
Specialists in international communications almost unanimously assert that the broadcasting in developing nations of television programs produced by industrialized countries amounts to cultural imperialism: the phenomenon of one culture's productions overwhelming another's, to the detriment of the flourishing of the latter. ███
Other perspective ·
Showing TV programs from industrialized countries to developing nations is cultural imperialism
Assumption of other perspective ·
Imported TV shows always dominate over domestic ones, and are always harmful to domestic culture
Author's critique ·
Other perspective is based on little or no research
Concession and clarification ·
Dominance is a risk, but assumption that imported always dominates is unsupported or anti-supported
Support for author ·
Imported programs rarely harm domestic ones, and aren't always more popular
P2
███ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██ ███████████████ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ███ █████ ███████ ███████ █████ █████████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ██████ ██████████ ██ █ █████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ █████████
Author's perspective ·
Role of TV in developing nations is different from what others think
One study of viewing habits showed popularity of certain domestic productions.
P3
██ █████████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ███████████ ███ ██ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █ ████████ ███
Recommendation ·
Need to use approach of anthropologist to study impact of external cultural influences
First question to examine ·
What's best model for relationship between imported and domestic productions?
It's not dominance. Could it be that domestic absorbs imported? Or that domestic and imported fuse only under certain conditions?
P4
██████████████ ███████████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ███ ██ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████████████ ████ █████ ████ █████████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ ███████ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ████ ███████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ █████ ███████████ ███ ████████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ █████ ███████████ ███████ ████████ ██ █████ ████████████
Second question to examine ·
How do individual viewers behave?
Need to take into account diversity of responses and experiences.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
15.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████
a
The author takes █████ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ███████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████████ █ ███ ████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███ █████
The author never suggests reasons why the “cultural imperialism” assertion is supported by comms specialists. (A) also ignores a key part of the passage: the author’s recommendations in P3 and P4.
b
The author takes █████ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████ █ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███ █████████
This is an excellent low-res summary. The author takes issue with the comms specialists’ “cultural imperialism” assertion in P1, presents counter-examples in P1 and P2, suggests that an anthropology-like approach be taken in P3, and discusses two questions that should be addressed in P3 and P4.
c
The author takes █████ ████ ██ ██████████ ██████████ █ ███ ████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ █████ ███ █████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███ █████
The author doesn’t introduce a new view that runs counter to the “cultural imperialism” assertion, because she doesn’t actually commit to any particular theory on what the impact of imported media is. Rather, she simply notes that the “cultural imperialism” assertion isn’t well supported, and then gives recommendations—which (C) ignores—on how to develop a well-supported theory.
d
The author takes █████ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ █ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ████████ ████ ███████ ███ ███████████
This twists the organization of P3 and P4. The author doesn’t discuss two individual ways in which her recommended approach will benefit the comms specialists. Rather, she discusses two key recommendations that, taken together, will offer one broad benefit: they’ll help to answer the question of how imported media impact people. (B) is a better description of this.
e
The author takes █████ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████████ █ ███ ████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████ ██ █████ █ ██████████ ███ ██ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ███ ███ ██████████
The author doesn’t introduce a new view that runs counter to the “cultural imperialism” assertion, because she doesn’t actually commit to any particular theory on what the impact of imported media is. She also doesn’t suggest a compromise. Rather, she suggests that the comms specialists should set their assertion aside, and offers some key considerations to help them develop a better-supported theory.