Self-study
P1
Specialists in international communications almost unanimously assert that the broadcasting in developing nations of television programs produced by industrialized countries amounts to cultural imperialism: the phenomenon of one culture's productions overwhelming another's, to the detriment of the flourishing of the latter. ███
Other perspective ·
Showing TV programs from industrialized countries to developing nations is cultural imperialism
Assumption of other perspective ·
Imported TV shows always dominate over domestic ones, and are always harmful to domestic culture
Author's critique ·
Other perspective is based on little or no research
Concession and clarification ·
Dominance is a risk, but assumption that imported always dominates is unsupported or anti-supported
Support for author ·
Imported programs rarely harm domestic ones, and aren't always more popular
P2
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Author's perspective ·
Role of TV in developing nations is different from what others think
One study of viewing habits showed popularity of certain domestic productions.
P3
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Recommendation ·
Need to use approach of anthropologist to study impact of external cultural influences
First question to examine ·
What's best model for relationship between imported and domestic productions?
It's not dominance. Could it be that domestic absorbs imported? Or that domestic and imported fuse only under certain conditions?
P4
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Second question to examine ·
How do individual viewers behave?
Need to take into account diversity of responses and experiences.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
20.
Suppose a study is conducted ████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ███ █████ ████████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████████ █████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████ █████ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ████████ ██ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████
a
How does the ██████ ██ ████████ ████████ ███████████ ██████ █████ █████ ████████
The supposed study looks at the airtime that imported TV gets in different nations. (E.g., Kenya airs imported TV 24/7, while Tanzania airs no imported TV.) So the results would tell us which nations air (i.e., provide access to) more imported cultural productions, and which air less.
b
What are the ██████████ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ████████
As far as we know, the supposed study just measures overall airtime allotted to imported TV in various nations. The data would be on a nation-by-nation basis, which is too general to support any conclusions about individual viewing habits. The data would also be limited to imported TV, which is too narrow to support any conclusions about individuals’ overall viewing habits (which could include both imported and domestic TV).
c
How influential are ███ ████████ ██████████ ██████████ ██ █████ ████████
According to the passage, we don’t actually know yet what the relationship is between imported and domestic TV. So a study that only looks at the airtime of imported TV can’t tell us anything about what’s going on with domestic TV.
d
Do imported programs ███████ ██████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ ██ █████ ████████
According to the passage, we don’t actually know yet what the relationship is between imported and domestic TV. So a study that only looks at the airtime of imported TV can’t tell us anything about what’s going on with domestic TV.
e
What model best █████████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ████████
This is a question that the author thinks needs to be answered, but the study in the question stem can’t answer it since that study only looks at one half of the equation: imported cultural influences. We’d also need some kind of data related to domestic culture in order to answer (E).