Self-study
Ethicist: Conclusion It would be a mistake to say that just because someone is not inclined to do otherwise, she or he does not deserve to be praised for doing what is right, for although we do consider people especially virtuous if they successfully resist a desire to do what is wrong, Support they are certainly no less virtuous if they have succeeded in extinguishing all such desires.
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The ethicist refutes the idea that those with no urge to do wrong don’t deserve praise for doing what is right. Why is that idea flawed? People who have eliminated all “bad” desires are just as virtuous as those who successfully resist those desires.
Identify Argument Part
The referenced claim is a general belief that the ethicist counters with support for her argument, i.e. “they are certainly no less virtuous if...”.
23.
The assertion that people are ██████████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ████ ████████████ ██████ █ ██████ ██ ██ ████ ██ █████ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████
a
It is a █████ ███ █████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████████████
The ethicist doesn’t justify this. She cites it as common belief and then supplies information to add dimension to the belief, and this dimension neutralizes the belief’s ability to combat her argument.
b
It makes an ███████████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ██████
This is the function of the referenced claim. The author shows why this belief doesn’t support the idea that a particular group (people who feel no immoral urges) doesn’t deserve praise.
c
It is a ██████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ █ ███████ ████████ ██ ████ ████████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███████
The ethicist doesn’t address adequate conceptions of virtue—that’s enough to eliminate (C). Also, the ethicist doesn’t talk about the effects of accepting the claim.
d
It is, according ██ ███ █████████ █ ████████ ████ ███████ ████ ██ ████████████ ██████
The ethicist doesn’t say this opinion is false. She supplies additional information to add dimension to the opinion, and this dimension neutralizes the opinion’s ability to combat her argument.
e
It reports an ███████████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████████
The referenced claim doesn’t support the conclusion. In fact, if the ethicist hadn’t added her final clause (”they are certainly no less...”) then the claim could weaken her conclusion.