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Explanations

PT133.S3.Q18

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 4 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2
Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15

PASSAGE 3
Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4
Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

PrepTest 133 - Section 3 - Question 18

Question

Explanation

Analytics

Show analysis

Support The probability of avoiding heart disease is increased if one avoids fat in one's diet. ████████████ ███ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████████ ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ██████

Summarize Argument

The argument concludes that avoiding dairy foods will increase the probability of maintaining good health. This is supported by two premises: if you avoid eating dairy you're less likely to eat fat, and avoiding eating fat reduces the risk of heart disease.

Identify and Describe Flaw

The argument claims that avoiding dairy is good for health overall, just based on claims about heart disease. This overlooks the possibility that avoiding dairy could also have negative impacts on health. For example, dairy may provide some critical nutrient, or might reduce the risk of a different disease.

Avoid dairy

BENEFIT

▲

Lower heart disease risk

(less fat intake)

COST?

▼ ? ?

Lost calcium? Nutrients?

Possible, but never addressed

Eat dairy

COST

▼

Higher heart disease risk

(more fat intake)

BENEFIT?

▲ ? ?

Calcium? Protein? Vitamins?

Possible, but never addressed

The argument only considers the solid boxes. The dashed boxes represent potential effects that might exist but are never examined. Without ruling them out, we can't conclude that avoiding dairy is better for overall health.

Analysis by AlexandraNash

Show answer

18.

The reasoning in the argument ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████████

The argument ignores ███ ███████████ █████ ████ ██████ █ ████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ████████ █████████████ ███ ███████████ ███ ████ ████ ████████ █████████████

Even though eating dairy could have the negative consequence of raising the risk of heart disease, avoiding eating dairy might also cause negative health effects. This possibility is ignored by the argument.

The argument fails ██ ████████ ███ ███████████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ████ ███ ██ ██████████ ███ ████ ██ █ ███████ ████ ██ ███████████

The argument isn't claiming that there are no other ways to decrease the risk of heart disease, only discussing one possible way, namely avoiding eating dairy.

The argument presumes, ███████ █████████ ██████████████ ████ ███████ ████ █████ █████████ █████ ██ ████████ ████████████ █████ ██ ██ ███████████

The argument doesn't make this presumption. It claims that avoiding dairy will increase the probability of maintaining good health, but it doesn't tell us we "ought" to avoid dairy.

The argument fails ██ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████

All the evidence provided in the argument is directly relevant to the conclusion. The issue is just that the conclusion is broader than what the evidence allows, not that the evidence is irrelevant.

The argument fails ██ ████████ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██████

The argument consistently sticks to discussing probabilities and likeliness, and never makes a jump to saying that something will definitely occur.

Difficulty

Question

61% of people who answer get this correct

This is a difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 146

158

75% 170

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Flaw or descriptive weakening

Stems that ask us to articulate a flaw in the stimulus' argument, either in abstract terms or by pointing out a weakness.

Stimulus Tags

Causal reasoning

Stimuli that feature the logic of causation (e.g. phenomenon-hypothesis, causal chain, experiments).

Net effect

Stimuli that feature net effect reasoning (e.g. premises saying "A has one downside" and a conclusion saying "A is bad overall").

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

61%

165

155

157

17%

162

161

Question history

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