Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as .
βββ ββββββββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββ βββ βββββββββ ββ ββββ ββ βββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββ βββββ βββββ βββββ β ββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββββββββ βββββββββββ ββββ ββββββ βββ ββββββ ββββ βββββββββ βββββ βββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββββββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββ ββ ββββββ ββ βββββββββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββ ββββββββ ββββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββ ββββββ ββ βββββ βββ ββββ ββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ β βββββ βββ ββ ββββββββ ββ β ββββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ
βββββββββ ββ βββ βββββββ ββββββββββββ βββββββββ β ββββββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββββββββββ ββββ ββββββ β βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββββ βββ βββββ βββ ββββββ ββ βββββββ βββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββ βββ
Which one of the following ββββ ββββββββββ ββββββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ
The principle of βββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββ βββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ β βββββ ββ β ββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββ ββββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββ
This is the point of P2, but not of the passage as a whole. It ignores the problem that the authorβs addressing. The author goes on in P3 to explain how, by using the principle of UM, both seemingly opposed sides of the debate can be seen as complementary to each other. Thatβs the main point.
Legal scholars have βββββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββ βββ ββββ βββββββ ββββ ββ βββββ βββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ β ββββββ
Descriptively inaccurate. These findings arenβt presented in the passage. The author says that some scholars believe deliberate criminal acts are motivated by external influences, while other scholars believe theyβre motivated by individual choice.
The utility maximization βββββββββ βββ ββ ββββ ββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββ βββββββ ββββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββ ββ βββββ ββββ βββββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ β ββββββββββ ββββββ
Two problems. First, this is descriptively inaccurate. The author doesnβt quite suggest that the principle of UM can be used to quantify anything. Rather, the principle requires βdetermining the utilitiesβ of possible outcomes. But how do we determine those utilities? Can we quantify them? The author doesnβt say. Second, even if (C) were descriptively accurate, it wouldnβt be the main point. The idea that the principle of UM can be used to evaluate different deterrence methods is just setup for a bigger point, which is that applying the principle solves a problem: it shows that two deterrence methods are complementary.
Introduction of the βββββββ ββββββββββββ βββββββββ ββββ βββ βββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ ββββββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββ βββββ ββββββ βββββββββββββββ ββββ βββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββββ
This is a good description of the authorβs proposed solution for crime deterrence. According to the author, the principle of UM suggests that the approaches of both sides of the debate are actually complementary to each other.
The utility maximization βββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββ βββ βββ ββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββ βββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββββββββ
Descriptively inaccurate. The principle doesnβt demonstrate that one cause of crime is true and another is false. Rather, it demonstrates that whatever the cause of crime, crime can be deterred by making lawful activity more appealing and accessible, and by making unlawful activity less appealing.
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