Self-study
Caldwell: The government recently demolished a former naval base. █████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ████ █ ██████████ █ ████████ █████ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████████ ███ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ███████████ ███ ████████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that the government’s demolishing of a former naval base was inefficient and immoral. This is based on the fact that using the base’s facilities for other purposes would have benefited everyone.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author assumes that if using the base for other purposes would have benefited everyone, then demolishing the base is immoral. This overlooks the possibility that demolishing the base could have been a morally acceptable action even if not demolishing the base could have benefited everyone. There’s no necessary relationship between benefiting others and being moral or immoral. The author also ignores that demolishing the base might be even more beneficial for everyone than using the base for other purposes.
8.
Caldwell's argument is most vulnerable ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██
a
fails to consider ████ ██ ██████ ███ ██ ███████ ███████████ ████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ██████████ █████████
The author fails to consider that an action (demolishing) may be morally permissible even if an alternative course of action (using the base for other purposes) is to everyone’s advantage. (A) shows that the author’s premise doesn’t establish demolishing the building was immoral.
b
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██████████████
The author doesn’t assume that actual consequences are irrelevant. After all, one actual consequence of demolishing is that the base can’t be used for the purposes described. This is something the author takes into account and uses in the argument.
c
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ ██████████ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ██████
The author’s argument concerns only the demolishing of the former naval base. The author concludes that this action was inefficient. That doesn’t commit the author to an assumption that the government never acts in the most efficient way.
d
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ █████
The author does not assume that if an action is efficient, then it must be moral. The conclusion is that the government’s action was inefficient and also immoral. This doesn’t commit the author to a belief about a conditional relationship between efficiency and morality.
e
inappropriately treats two ████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ███ ████ ███████
The author does not treat demolishing the base and using it for other purposes as the only options. For example, maybe the government could have left the base up and just abandoned it completely. The author doesn’t assume this wasn’t possible.