Self-study
Farmer: My neighbor claims that my pesticides are spreading to her farm in runoff water, but Conclusion she is wrong. █ ███ ████ ███████ ███████████ ███ █████ ██ ██ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████ ████████████ █ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ██ ██████████ █████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The farmer concludes that his pesticides are not running off onto his neighbor’s lawn because he only uses non-harmful organic pesticides and he’s careful to avoid her property when spraying them.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The farmer’s argument is flawed because it doesn’t address the neighbor’s claim. The neighbor claims that the farmer’s pesticides are spreading to her farm through water runoff, which could still be happening even if they’re harmless, and even if the farmer doesn't spray the neighbor's property.
21.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ █ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████
a
It treats lack ██ ████████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ███
The characteristics of organic pesticides are irrelevant—the neighbor’s claim is just that pesticides are spreading to her property, whether they’re harmful or not.
b
It presumes, without █████████ ██████████████ ████ █████ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████
Whether the farmer avoids spraying on the neighbor’s land or not is irrelevant—she claims that the pesticides are spreading through runoff water.
c
It does not ███████ ███ ██████████ █████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ █████████ ████ ███ █████
This describes the irrelevance of the farmer’s evidence. The neighbor just claims that the farmer’s pesticides are spreading to her land through runoff water, so it doesn’t matter whether or not they’re harmful or whether or not they’re sprayed directly on her land.
d
It fails to ███████ ██ ███████████ ███████████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████
The farmer doesn’t necessarily accept that pesticides are on the neighbor’s land, so there’s no need to provide such an explanation.
e
It ignores the ███████████ ████ ██████████ █████ ████ █████████ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████
This is irrelevant. The neighbor merely claims that the farmer’s pesticides are spreading to her land, so the pesticides’ possible effects don’t matter.