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Journalist: A book claiming that a new drug has dangerous side effects has recently been criticized by a prominent physician. ████████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ████████████ ████ █████ ███ █████ ████████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ███ ██████ ████ ████████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The journalist dismisses a physician’s critique of a new book because the physician is employed by the company whose drug the book claims has negative side effects.
Identify and Describe Flaw
This is an ad hominem fallacy because the journalist uses the physician’s personal circumstances as grounds to dismiss his argument without actually addressing the substance of his claims. Being employed by the company doesn’t prevent the physician from giving an effective critique of the book.
12.
The reasoning in the journalist's ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████████
a
It fails to ███████ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ █████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████████
b
It takes for ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ ██████████ ████ █ ███████ ████ ████████████ █ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ████████ ██████████ ████████ █████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █████
c
It overlooks the ███████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████████
d
It fails to ███████ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ █ █████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████
e
It overlooks the ███████████ ████ ████ ██ █ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ██████ █ ██████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████