Self-study
Several three-year-olds who had learned to count to ten were trying to learn their telephone numbers. ████████ ████ █████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █████ █████ ████████ ███ ██ ███ █████ ███████ █████ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ █ ████ █████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ███ ███ ███ ████████ █████ ████████ █████ █████████ ████████
Summary
A group of 3-year-olds who new the numbers 1 through 10 were trying to learn their phone numbers. Initially no child could remember his or her number. But after a teacher taught each child a song that contained his or her phone number, the children could remember the phone number.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The song the teacher taught probably helped each child remember his or her number.
A string of numbers might be easier to remember if they are part of a song.
13.
The situation described above best ███████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████████████
a
There are some ██████ ████ ████████ ██████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ██ ██████
Unsupported. Although the song likely helped the children remember their numbers, that doesn’t mean the song was required in order for them to remember. Maybe the children also could have remembered the numbers through a special game or special cartoon.
b
Familiarity with a ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ███
Unsupported. The children knew the numbers 1 through 10. There’s no evidence that they didn’t know the words to express these numbers. They had trouble remembering a specific string of numbers; not with the words that express those numbers.
c
Mnemonic devices such ██ █████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████████
Unsupported. The song likely helped them remember their phone numbers. But we don’t get a comparison to other memory methods. Maybe seeing the number in a special cartoon would have been more effective.
d
Children can learn ██ █████ ███████ █████████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████
Unsupported. Failing to remember a string of numbers does not imply inability to understand the meaning of numbers. We don’t have any evidence the children didn’t understand the meaning of “three.” They just had trouble remembering the order of several numbers put together.
e
Songs are useful ██ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ████████ █████ ██████
Strongly supported. Children were familiar with individual numbers, but had trouble remembering a string of numbers. They were able to remember the string after learning a song containing that string of numbers. Doesn’t guarantee causation, but it is evidence the song helped.