Self-study
Principle: Support Anyone who has more than one overdue book out on loan from the library at the same time must be fined if some of the overdue books are not children's books and that person has previously been fined for overdue books.
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Summary
If someone has more than 1 overdue book on loan from library at the same time & some of the overdue books are NOT children’s books & the person has previously been fined for overdue books → fine
We’re trying to conclude that Kessler should be fined. We know that he has mor than 1 overdue book on loan from the library at the same time. But we currently don’t know whether any of those overdue books are NOT children’s books. And we don’t know whether he’s ever been fined for overdue books.
Find or Complete the Application
We want to learn the missing information that would trigger the rule. We want to learn:
(1) Some of the books Kessler has loaned that are overdue are NOT for children; and
(2) Kessler has previously been fined for overdue books
22.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ █████████ ███ █████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Some of the █████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ █ ██████████ ████ █████
Doesn’t establish that some of the OVERDUE books that Kessler has out on loan are not children’s books. (A) says that some of the books Kessler has on loan are not children’s books, but those could be books that are NOT overdue.
b
One of the ███████ █████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████ █████
Provides the missing information that triggers the rule. (B) establishes that one of the OVERDUE books Kessler has on loan is not a children’s book. And it tells us Kessler has previously been fined for overdue books.
c
None of the █████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █ ██████████ ████ ███ ██ ████████ █████ ███████ ███ ████████ ███████ █████ █████
Doesn’t tell us that Kessler has previously been fined for overdue books.
d
Kessler was fined ██ ███ ███████ ███████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ███ █████ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ██████████ ██████
Doesn’t tell us that some of the overdue books Kessler has out on loan are not children’s books. (The books that he was previously fined for were not children’s books, but that doesn’t tell us anything about the overdue books Kessler currently has out on loan.)
e
Kessler has never ██████ ████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ████████
Doesn’t establish that Kessler has been previously fined for overdue books. Also doesn’t establish that some of the overdue books currently on loan are not children’s books.