Self-study
P1
Physicists are often asked why the image of an object, such as a chair, appears reversed left-to-right rather than, say, top-to-bottom when viewed in a mirror. ███
Phenomenon / Question ·
Mirrors only flip images left-to-right. Why not also top-to-bottom?
Field-of-sight Hypothesis / Answer ·
Something about the axis around which the viewer rotates
No idea what this means. Please god let this not matter.
P2
████████ ████ ██████████ █████ █ ██████████ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ███████ ██████ ██████████████ ██ ██ █████ █ █████ ██ █████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ███ █████████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███████ █████ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ████████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███
Front-to-back Hypothesis / Answer ·
Mirrors actually reverse the image front-to-back
As if there's another object "inside" the mirror
Critique ·
Of front-to-back hypothesis
Hypothesis is based on a false premise. There's no object inside the mirror.
P3
████ ███████████ ███████ ████████ ██ ████ ███████ ████████ ███████ ██ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████ █ ██████ █████████ █ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████████ ██ █████ █████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ █ ██████ ████████ ████████ ███████ ███ ███████████ ███ █████ ██████████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ███████ ███ ██ ██████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ ████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ █ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████ █ ███████████████ ███████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ █████ ███ ████████ ████
Concession ·
Front-to-back hypothesis has some explanatory power
We usually transform our sense perception into mental constructs of objects. This is why this hypothesis is appealing.
P4
██ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████ ███ █████████████ ███████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██████████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████████ ███████ █████████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ██████ ████████ █ █████ ██ ███████ ███
Motivations ·
Of front-to-back hypothesis
Wants to separate the observer from the phenomenon.
Main Point / Critique ·
Of front-to-back hypothesis
The real explanation of what mirrors do must consider both the mirror and the observer. So, like the field-of-sight explanation?
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
22.
According to the passage, the ████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████████ ██ █████ █████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███████████ ███ ███████ ██
a
accept the top-to-bottom ███████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██
There is no top-to-bottom explanation mentioned in the passage. The phrase “top-to-bottom” is mentioned, but not as one kind of explanation for what mirrors do.
b
understand the front-to-back ███████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██
c
challenge complex explanations ██ ██████ ██████████ ████████████
Not supported. The author never suggests that people have an ability to challenge complex explanations of common observations. Although people might find a more simple explanation more intuitively appealing, the author doesn’t connect the fact we’re dealing with mental constructs to rejection of complex explanations.
d
reject customarily reliable █████████ ███████ ███████████ ███ █████ ██████████ ██████ ██████████
e
overemphasize the fact ████ ███████ ████████ █████ ███████████ ██ ███████
Not supported. The author doesn’t suggest that people have an ability to “overemphasize” the fact mirrors simulate sense impressions. The author mentions sense perceptions in P3, but there’s no evidence that people “overemphasize” mirrors’ “simulation” of sense impressions.