PrepTest 142 - Section 3 - Passage 3 - Question 20

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Passage A.

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Neuroscience perspective · Brain causes behavior

This view supports the idea that human action isn't a product of free will.

Other perspective · Free will is compatible with determinism

Determinism is the name for the view that human action isn't a product of free will.

Elaborate on other perspective · Difference between free actions and constrained actions.

Free actions are caused by things internal to a human (like will). These actions involved a choice between A or B. Constrained actions, including mental disorders, involve external forces that preclude someone from a choice. The person could only choose A.

Passage Style

20.

Passage B differs from passage █ ██ ████ ███████ █ ████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ████

Question Type

Author’s attitude

Implied

The difference to notice between the attitude of Passage A and Passage B is that the author of Passage A advocates for a view, whereas the author of Passage B does not. Passage A’s author argues that the law “should focus on deterring future harms.” This is the author’s own view and isn’t simply a description of someone else’s view. The author of Passage B, however, does not express her own view; she simply describes Ayer’s argument and how it might apply to neuroscience insights into the brain. So, Passage B displays more neutrality than Passage A.

engaged

There’s no basis to say Passage B is less engaged. If anything, Passage A is arguably more engaged because Passage A’s author advocates a view.

23%

dismissive

There’s no basis to say Passage B is more dismissive. Although Passage B doesn’t advocate for a view, it doesn’t dismiss any view either.

detached

This is the closest to capturing the difference in advocacy. Passage B is more detached in that it doesn’t advocate for a view, whereas Passage A does. See the explanation below the question stem for more on this.

62%

ironic

There’s no basis to say Passage B is more ironic. Irony involves using words to express besides the literal meaning; neither passage does this more than the other.

skeptical

There’s no basis to say Passage B is more skeptical. Although Passage B doesn’t advocate for a view, it isn’t skeptical of any view either.

PrepTest 142 - Section 3 - Passage 3 - Question 20

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