Self-study
Doris: Support I've noticed that everyone involved in student government is outspoken. ██ ██ ██ ████ ████████ ██ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
█████ █████ ███ ███ ██ ███████ ██████████ ██████ ████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ██████████
Speaker 1 Summary
Doris concludes that if we want students to be more outspoken, we should encourage them to become involved in student government. This is based on her observation that everyone involved in student government is outspoken. Doris’s argument assumes a causal relationship between involvement in student government and being outspoken.
Speaker 2 Summary
Zack concludes that encouraging people to get involved in student government won’t make them more outspoken. This is because being outspoken is the cause of involvement in student government.
Objective
We’ re looking for a point of disagreement. The speakers disagree about the direction of the causal relationship between involvement in student government and being outspoken. Doris thinks involvement causes being outspoken. Zack thinks the relationship is reversed.
3.
Doris and Zack disagree over ███████
a
students should be ████ █████████
Neither speaker expresses an opinion. Doris doesn’t say we want students to be outspoken, only what we should do if we want them to be more outspoken. Zack doesn’t say anything should or should not happen.
b
students should be ██████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████████
Neither speaker expresses an opinion. Doris only says we should encourage student government involvement if we want students to be more outspoken. That’s not the same as wanting students to be more involved in student government. Zack doesn’t say what should or should not happen.
c
becoming involved in ███████ ██████████ █████ ████████ ████ █████████
This is a point of disagreement. Doris thinks involvement in student government makes students more outspoken. Zack doesn’t think so.
d
all students who ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████████
This is not a point of disagreement. Although Doris agrees with this, Zack also could agree. He doesn’t say that there are any students involved in student government who are not outspoken.
e
students will not ██████ ████ █████████ ██████ ████ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████████
Neither speaker expresses an opinion. Doris thinks involvement causes becoming more outspoken. But she doesn’t suggest that involvement is required. Zack also does not suggest that involvement is required to be outspoken.