Self-study
P1
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. ████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ ████ ██ ██ ███████ █████████
Williams and DuBois perspective ·
Transnational view in order to represent African American history
This was in contrast to mainstream U.S. historiography.
P2
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Historical context ·
Citizenship for African Americans was not resolved yet, which led some to advocate emigrating to another country
P3
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Historical context ·
Mainstream historiography rooted in nationalism
African American response to nationalism ·
Some argued that imperalism and colonialism was natural and distinct aspect of nationalism
P4
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Main point ·
Early African American historians who took a transnational perspective were nationalist, too
This nationalism is based on a diasporic community (spread across different countries). These historians wrote the history of a people with a collective identity, who saw themselves as part "nation" without a homeland or with Africa as home.
Passage Style
Single position
27.
As it is presented in ███ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ █████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ██████████ ███ █████ █████████ █████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ███████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
An elected official ██████ █ ████ ██████████ ████ ███████ █ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████
It’s not clear that a recommendation about what to do in the future is analogous to a historical approach.
b
A biographer of █ ██████ ████████ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ████████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ████████████ ██ ██████ ███████
This is most analogous. It involves viewing one’s success as inevitable (based on innate talent). This is similar to the way in which mainstream historians viewed the expanding influence of the United States as something inevitable.
c
A doctor maintains ████ ███████ █ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ████ ████████
It’s not clear how this answer is analogous to glorifying one’s self, one’s history, or portraying events as inevitable.
d
A newspaper runs █ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ █████ ███ ███████████████ █████████ █████████ ██ █ █████ ████████████
It’s not clear how this answer is analogous to glorifying one’s self, one’s history, or portraying events as inevitable.
e
A scientist gets ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████████ ███████ █████ ███ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████
This sounds like it’s raising the issue of inevitability, but (E) isn’t analogous because the scientist has evidence supporting the view that the experiment will produce the same result every time. This isn’t analogous to historians, who did not have evidence that the history of the U.S. was inevitable.