PT8.S4.Q5

PrepTest 8 - Section 4 - Question 5

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Elena: While I was at the dog show, every dog that growled at me was a white poodle, and every white poodle I saw growled at me.

Pop Quiz: Sets, Subsets, & Supersets!

This question provides a great refresher on the importance sets, subsets, and supersets, and of staying inside the argument’s domain. It features two core claims:

Domain: Dogs Elena saw at the dog show.
  1. If it’s a growler, it’s a white poodle.
  2. If it’s a white poodle, it’s a growler.

Note the narrow scope of these sufficient conditions: these claims only trigger if we know something is a growler or if we know it’s a white poodle. These aren’t claims about all dogs, or even all white dogs, or all poodles.

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5.

Which one of the following ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ █████████ ██████████

a

The only white ████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ███ ████ ████ ████████

(A) translated: If it’s a white dog, it’s a poodle.

The stimulus gives us a claim about white poodles (which growl) and a claim about growlers (which are white poodles), but we don’t have any claims about the broader set of white dogs. 

There’s room for Elena to have seen a non-growling white terrier, for example.

2%
b

There were no ████ ███████ ██ ███ ███ █████

The stimulus gives us a claim about white poodles (which growl) and a claim about growlers (which are white poodles), but we don’t have any claims about non-white poodles.

There’s room for Elena to have seen some non-growling, non-white poodles.

0%
c

At the dog █████ ██ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ██████

(C) translated: If it’s a growler, it’s not a gray dog.

The stimulus tells us all growlers are white poodles. White poodles aren’t gray.

91%
d

All the white ████ ████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ████

(D) translated: If it’s a white dog, it’s a growler.

The stimulus gives us a claim about white poodles (which growl) and a claim about growlers (which are white poodles), but we don’t have any claims about the broader set of white dogs. 

There’s room for Elena to have seen a non-growling white labrador, for example.

6%
e

Elena did not ███ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ███ █████

The stimulus gives us a claim about white poodles (which growl) and a claim about growlers (which are white poodles), but we don’t have any claims about non-white poodles.

There’s room for Elena to have seen some non-growling, non-white poodles.

1%

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