PT12.S2.Q22

PrepTest 12 - Section 2 - Question 22

Want a diagram-free walkthrough?

Hide analysis

Nursing schools cannot attract a greater number of able applicants than they currently do unless the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions in the nursing profession are solved. ██ ███ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ████ ████████ ████████ █████████ ████ █████ █ █████████ ██ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██████ █ ████████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████ █████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████████

Conditional Chain

The core of this argument is a conditional chain, complicated by adding in a few "or" statements. Here are translations of the claims in English, along with a nifty little diagram illustrating the full chain:

  1. If we don't [solve problems], we can't attract more applicants.
  2. If we don't attract more applicants, we will have [lower standards, an acute shortage, or both].
  3. If we have [lower standards, an acute shortage, or both], we won't maintain high quality care.
/Solve Problems /Attract Applicants OR Lower Standards Acute Shortage OR /Maintain High Quality
Show answer
22.

Which one of the following ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████

a

If the nursing ██████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███████████ ██ ████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ██ █████████ █████

(A) confuses the sufficient and necessary conditions of the stimulus' first sentence. Properly translated, the first sentence should read one of two ways:

  1. If we don't [solve those problems], we won't attract more applicants.
  2. If we have attracted more applicants, we must have [solved those problems].

If you chose (A), it's likely you should review unless as a conditional indicator.

13%
b

The nursing profession ████ ████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██████

(B) is wrong because failure to attract more applicants forces at least one of two options (lowering standards or facing an acute shortage). If we fail to attract more applicants, we could choose not to lower entrance standards and opt to face an acute shortage instead.

5%
c

If the nursing ██████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███████████ ████ ███████ ██████ ████ ████ ██ ███████████

(C) links the first and last terms of our conditional chain, but does so in a way that confuses sufficiency and necessity. Properly translated, the inference linking the first term to the last should read one of two ways:

  1. If we don't [solve problems], we won't maintain high quality care.
  2. To maintain high quality care, we must [solve problems].

See (E) for the properly phrased inference, and see the analysis for more detail on the conditional chain.

6%
d

If the nursing ██████████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███████████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ███████

(D) is wrong because failure to attract more applicants (which is what happens when the nursing profession fails to [solve those problems]) forces at least one of two options (lowering standards or facing an acute shortage).

If the nursing profession fails to [solve those problems], they could potentially avert an acute shortage of nurses by lowering entrance standards.

BUT WAIT! Isn't it unclear that lowering entrance standards will actually avert a shortage? Yes, but it's still possible to avert a shortage, which means (D)'s claim isn't 100% ironclad.

12%
e

The current high ███████ ██ ██████ ████ ████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███ ███ ███████

(E) connects the first term in our conditional chain to the last term: if we don't [solve problems], we can't [maintain high quality care]. See the analysis for more detail.

64%

Answer five questions and we'll estimate your score.

It takes about five minutes.

Take the free diagnostic

Confirm action

Are you sure?