Support The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. ████ ████ ███ ██ █ ████ ██ █████████ █████ ██ █ ██████████████ ███████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ████ █████████████ █████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ████ ██ ██████████████ ██████████ ████ █████████ ████████ ██████████ ████████ ████ █████████████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████
The argument concludes that schizophrenia is caused by physical brain damage. It supports this claim with evidence from studies conducted on identical twins, who have genetically identical brains. However, if and only if a single identical twin has schizophrenia, there are certain brain areas that are smaller than in the non-schizophrenic twin.
Notice that the argument uses evidence of a correlation to establish a causal conclusion. Sure, twin studies rule out a purely genetic cause for schizophrenia. But aren't there other factors that could cause both schizophrenia and brain damage? Or what if schizophrenia itself causes physical damage? The author must assume that these possibilities are untrue.
If the statements on which ███ ██████████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ███████
People who lack █ ███████ ██████████████ ███ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████████████
Does this contradict the stimulus? No, so it could be true. It's entirely possible that genetic predisposition is necessary for schizophrenia. We know that genetics are not a sufficient condition, because genetically identical twins can differ, but a genetic element could still be required.
Medications can control ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████████████ ██ ████ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ███
Does this contradict the stimulus? No, so it could be true. The stimulus never talks about medication, so the possibilities are endless! Pretty much anything about medication could be true.
The brains of ██████████████ █████ ████ ██ ███ ███████████████ █████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ███████ ███ █████████
Does this contradict the stimulus? No, so it could be true. We know there are some brain differences in schizophrenia, but as far as we know, there could still be many similarities as well.
It will eventually ██ ████████ ██ █████████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ █████████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ██████
Does this contradict the stimulus? Yes, so it must be false. We know that genetics are not a sufficient determinant of schizophrenia because genetically identical twins can differ in having schizophrenia. If two people with identical genes could have different schizophrenia statuses, then it must be impossible to determine schizophrenia just based on genetics.
Brain abnormalities associated ████ █████████████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ █████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████ ██████
Does this contradict the stimulus? No, so it could be true. The stimulus says schizophrenia results from brain damage, but it never discusses the cause of the brain damage. That means almost any explanation for how the brain damage happens could be true.
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