Self-study
P1
In the last half-century, firefighters in North America have developed a powerful system for fighting wildfires using modern technology. ███ ██ ███ ████ █████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████████ █████ ████ ███ ████ ████████████ ███ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █ ███ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ██████ ███
problem ·
Too much firefighting can be bad for forests
Forest ecosystems depend on wildfires
Example ·
of forest dependence on wildfires
In ancient ponderosa forests, frequent small wildfires prevented large wildfires
P2
██ █████ ███ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ████████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ █ ████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ████████████ ███
Explain problem ·
Fighting small wildfires results in larger, more-damaging fires
Impacts of problem ·
on wildlife, mature trees, and topsoil
Emphasize problem ·
Ponderosa and other forests at risk of large fires
Proposed solution ·
Adapt land management policies
P3
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Details of solution ·
Selective harvesting and prescribed fires
Selective harvesting creates conditions for small fires, which are permitted/scheduled as prescribed fires
Implications of solution ·
Wildfires will be more manageable and less damaging
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
1.
The primary purpose of the ███████ ██ ██
a
claim that ideological █████ ███ ██ ████████ ███ █████████ ██ █ ███████████ ███ █████████ ██████ ██████
The purpose isn’t to identify what’s keeping us from enacting a policy change. The purpose is to advocate for a particular policy change.
b
compare the actual ███████ ████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ █████████ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ████ ██████
This doesn’t capture the author’s purpose of advocating for a change to our fire-fighting policies.
c
contend that a ████████ ███████████ ██████ ████████ █ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███████
This doesn’t capture the author’s purpose of advocating for a change to our fire-fighting policies. The primary purpose isn’t about asking for more money.
d
recommend a fundamental ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ████ ███████ ██████ ███ ███████ ███████████ ██████████
This best captures the primary purpose, which is to propose a new way of managing fire-fighting. The new method of managing fires is the “fundamental policy change.” The evidence that the current policy has created undesirable conditions refers to the
e
argue that two █████████ █████████████ █████ ██ █ ██████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ █ ███████████ ███
This doesn’t capture the author’s purpose of advocating for a change to our fire-fighting policies. The purpose isn’t about showing two goals are compatible; it’s about advocating for a particular way of fighting fires.