Self-study
P1
It is generally accepted that woodland clearings were utilized by Mesolithic human populations (populations in Europe roughly 7,000 to 12,000 years ago) for food procurement. ███████ █████ ███ ██████████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ █████████████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ███ ██ ████████ ████ ███
Intro topic / traditional perspective ·
Generally accepted that woodland clearings were used by Mesolithic people to get food
Not clear on whether the clearings were made deliberately or naturally.
Weakness of traditional perspective ·
Archaeological evidence is weak
No secure link between presence of human artifacts and presence of clearings. Don't have much, if any, non-circumstantial evidence that humans prepared animals for food near clearings.
P2
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More about evidence for traditional perspective ·
Based on ethnography
There's evidence that recent people (not Mesolithic) used fire to increase size of areas for animals to graze. (Note that the label "resource-procurement model" is introduced for the traditional belief.)
Different perspective ·
Other ethnographic evidence suggests that clearings were not used for getting food
This is a "noneconomic" hypothesis for the phenomenon of clearings.
P3
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Set-up for alternate hypothesis ·
Mesolithic people were scared of the wilderness
P4
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Set-up for alternate hypothesis ·
Mesolithic people moved along woodland paths because of fear
P5
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Alternate hypothesis ·
Clearings result from concentrated activity along woodland paths
And some clearings may result from people cutting corners in paths or resting along paths.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
22.
Which one of the following █████████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████
a
The prosecution’s case ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ █████████
This doesn’t involve one kind of evidence. In (A), there’s circumstantial evidence vs. direct evidence. But we want two pieces of circumstantial evidence, or two pieces of direct evidence. We don’t want an answer that involves both circumstantial and direct evidence.
b
The prosecution maintains ████ ███ ████████ ████████ █████████ ███████████ ███ █████████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ████ ████████ ████████ ███ ██ ███████████ ██ ████ █ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ███ █████████████ ██████████
This involves one kind of evidence (physical), but it’s not analogous because we don’t have two different pieces of physical evidence. Rather, (B) involves the same physical evidence being interpreted differently. P2 doesn’t involve the same ethnographic evidence being interpreted differently. It involves
c
The prosecution’s case ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ████████ ██ ██████████████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████████
This doesn’t involve two pieces of circumstantial evidence supporting different views.
d
The prosecution’s primary ███████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ██████████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ █ ██████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████████ ███ ██████ █████████
(D) isn’t analogous, because it suggests that one side has significantly stronger, more convincing evidence than the other side. But in P2, the author never suggests that one side’s ethnographic evidence is much stronger than the other’s.
e
The prosecution’s case ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████████████ █████████ ████████ █████ ██ █████ ██████████████ ████████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ █████████
This is most analogous, because it involves one kind of evidence (circumstantial), some of which supports one view (the defendant is guilty), and some of which supports a different view (the defendant is innocent). This matches P2, in which some ethnographic evidence supports the resource-procurement model, and other ethnographic evidence supports a non-economic model.