Self-study
P1
In the last half-century, firefighters in North America have developed a powerful system for fighting wildfires using modern technology. ███ ██ ███ ████ █████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████████ █████ ████ ███ ████ ████████████ ███ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █ ███ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ██████ ███
problem ·
Too much firefighting can be bad for forests
Forest ecosystems depend on wildfires
Example ·
of forest dependence on wildfires
In ancient ponderosa forests, frequent small wildfires prevented large wildfires
P2
██ █████ ███ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ████████ ████████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ █ ████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ████████████ ███
Explain problem ·
Fighting small wildfires results in larger, more-damaging fires
Impacts of problem ·
on wildlife, mature trees, and topsoil
Emphasize problem ·
Ponderosa and other forests at risk of large fires
Proposed solution ·
Adapt land management policies
P3
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Details of solution ·
Selective harvesting and prescribed fires
Selective harvesting creates conditions for small fires, which are permitted/scheduled as prescribed fires
Implications of solution ·
Wildfires will be more manageable and less damaging
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
6.
It can be inferred from ███ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ██████ █ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██
a
a viable means ██ █████████ ███████ █████████ ██████████ ██ ████████████ █████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████████ █████████████ █████
The author recommends an approach that allows fires set by lightning to burn “when the weather is damp enough to reduce the risk of extensive damage.” So a policy that allows ALL forest fires started by lightning to burn is potentially too extreme. What if the weather isn’t damp enough to reduce the risk of damage? Then the fire might burn too long or get too large. This is why there’s no support the author thinks allowing ALL fires started by lightning to burn is viable.
b
an essential component ██ █ ███ ████████ ██████████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ ████████
The author recommends an approach that allows fires set by lightning to burn “when the weather is damp enough to reduce the risk of extensive damage.” So a policy that allows ALL forest fires started by lightning to burn is potentially too extreme.
c
beneficial to forests ████ ████ █████████████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████
The author doesn’t suggest there are different benefits to forests of different ages.
d
currently too extreme ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████
Supported, because the author recommends an approach that allows fires set by lightning to burn “when the weather is damp enough to reduce the risk of extensive damage.” So a policy that allows ALL forest fires started by lightning to burn is potentially too extreme. What if the weather isn’t damp enough to reduce the risk of damage? Then the fire might burn too long or get too large.
e
politically infeasible given ███ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ██ ████ █████
The author doesn’t comment on the political feasibility of allowing fires to burn.