Self-study
Cereal advertisement: Support Fitness experts say that regular exercise is the most effective way to become physically fit, and Support studies have shown that adults who eat cereal every day exercise more regularly than adults who do not eat cereal. ██ ██ ██████ █████████ ██████ █████ ████████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ████████ ████████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
The author concludes that eating Fantastic Flakes will be the most effective way to become physically fit. This is based on the fact that studies show a correlation between eating cereal every day and exercising. In addition, fitness experts say that regular exercise is the most effective way to become physically fit.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author assumes that the correlation between eating cereal and exercise is explained by eating cereal causing one to exercise. This overlooks alternate explanation. For example, maybe both cereal-eating and exercise are results of some third factor, such as the health-oriented personality of someone.
9.
The argumentation in the advertisement ██ ██████ ██ ████ ██
a
infers a cause ████ █ ████ ███████████
The author infers a causal relationship between eating cereal every day and exercise even though the evidence presented only a correlation between these things.
b
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ █████████ ██████ ███ ████ ██████████ ████ █████ ███████
The conclusion does assert that Fantastic Flakes will put one on the best path toward fitness, but that’s only because the author thinks eating cereal will make you exercise. This doesn’t mean the author thinks Fantastic Flakes is more nutritious than other cereals.
c
infers that a █████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ██ █ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ██████████ ██ ████ ██████
The evidence does not establish that anything has been “shown to contribute” to anything else. The evidence presents a correlation and tells us what fitness experts believe is effective in becoming physically fit.
d
draws a conclusion █████ ███ ██████ ████ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██ ██████████████
We don’t have any reason to think the studies mentioned are too small to be representative. The premises don’t say anything about the size of the samples.
e
infers that some ███████ ██ █ █████ ████ █ ██████████ ██████████████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ █████ ██ █ █████ ███ ██
The argument doesn’t commit a whole-to-part fallacy. The premises aren’t a statement about a whole, and the conclusion isn’t about individual members of a whole.