PT148.S1.Q13

PrepTest 148 - Section 1 - Question 13

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If the purpose of laws is to contribute to people's happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ ████████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███ ███ █████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that existing laws have legitimacy simply because they are the laws. This is based on a subsidiary conclusion that, if the purpose of laws is not to contribute to people’s happiness, then we don’t have a basis for evaluating existing laws. This sub-conclusion is based on the premise that if the purpose of laws is to contribute to people’s happiness, then we have a basis for criticizing laws.

Identify and Describe Flaw

The author confuses a sufficient condition for having a basis for criticizing existing laws with a necessary condition. Although we know that if the purpose of laws is to contribute to happiness, then we have a basis, that doesn’t imply that if the purpose of laws is not to contribute to happiness, that we no longer have a basis to criticize laws. So the author’s jump to the sub-conclusion is flawed.

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13.

The reasoning in the argument ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ████████

a

takes a sufficient █████████ ███ █ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ █ █████████ █████████ ███ ██

b

infers a causal ████████████ ████ ███ ████ ████████ ██ █ ███████████

c

trades on the ███ ██ █ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ █ ███████ ███ ██ █ █████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████

d

draws a conclusion █████ ███ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████ █████ ███ ██ ██████ ██

e

infers that because █ ███ ██ ██████ ███ █ ███████ █████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ███ ███ ████████

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