Self-study
Advertisement: Hypnosis videos work to alter behavior by subliminally directing the subconscious to act in certain ways. ██████████ ██ ███ ████████████ █████ ████████ ██ ████████ ████ █████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████ ██████ █ ████████ █████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ██ ██ ███ ████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████████ ███ ██████████ ████████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██████████████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ████████ █████ ██████
Summarize Argument
Mesmosis videos issue an initial command to a subject’s subconscious to experience each subsequent instruction as if it had been repeated 1,000 times. Based on this, as well as the fact that directions to a subconscious must be repeated many times in order to be effective, the author concludes that subsequent instructions from the Mesmosis videos will be experienced as if they had been repeated 1,000 times.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author overlooks the fact that directions to a subconscious must be repeated many times to be effective. We were not told that the initial instruction to experience subsequent instructions would be repeated many times. So there’s no basis to think that the initial instructions will be effective. That means there’s no basis to think that subsequent instructions will be perceived as if they had been repeated 1,000 times.
22.
The advertisement's reasoning is most ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ █████████████
a
overlooks a requirement ████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ █████████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████████
The overlooks the requirement that instructions must be repeated many times in order to be effective. If we don’t know the initial instruction is repeated many times, the author’s conclusion doesn’t follow.
b
takes for granted ████ ███ █████████████ ██ █ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
The author never suggests a proportional relationship between repetition and effectiveness. Repetition is required in order for directions to be a effective, but that doesn’t mean the greater the repetition, the greater the effectiveness.
c
concludes that hypnosis ██ ███ ████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ████████ ███████ ███████████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ██████████
The author does not assume that hypnosis is the most effective technique for altering behavior. He asserts that hypnosis videos can work to change behavior, but never suggests that they are the most effective.
d
draws a conclusion ████ ██████ ████████ █ █████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ██████████
(D) describes circular reasoning. The author’s conclusion asserts that subsequent instructions on Mesmosis videos are extremely effective. This does not restate any supporting claim. There’s no other claim asserting that subsequent instructions are extremely effective.
e
concludes that hypnosis ██████ ████ ██ █████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ██ ███████████
The argument doesn’t rely on a claim that hypnosis videos have never been proven to be ineffective. The support for the conclusion concerns a description of the initial instruction and what is required for directions to a subconscious to be effective.