Self-study
P1
The novelist and social theorist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, whose writings were widely read and discussed in the early twentieth century, played an important role in the debate about the theories of Charles Darwin and their application to society. ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ █████████████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ █████ ███████████████ ███
Intro topic ·
Novelist and social theorist Charlotte Gilman
Played important role in debate about application of Darwin's theories to society.
First group ·
One group of Social Darwinists believed social interactions are determined by competitive struggle
Second group ·
Another group of Social Darwinists believed change can emerge through collective action
P2
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Gilman's perspective ·
Part of second group
Believed humans can redesign and mold our own societies.
Elaborate on Gilman's perspective ·
Gilman believed humans are ethically obligated to engage in societally relevant work
P3
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Gilman's actions ·
In her fiction and social theory, she urged women to work toward better society
Gilman's goal ·
Wanted society to abandon gender-specific work roles and hierarchical relationships
She believed that these were necessary at one time in our societal evolution. But future progress would require a restoration of balance between masculine and feminine traits.
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
21.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Gilman's activist social ███████ █████ ██████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ███████████████ ████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ██████ █████████ ████ █████████████ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ████ ██████████████████ ██████ █████████ █████
The main point isn’t about the differences between two different kinds of Social Darwinism. The main point is about what Gilman believed. It’s also not clear that the abolition of gender-specific work roles is part of the “central doctrine” of the activist Social Darwin camp.
b
Although Gilman aligned ███████ ████ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ ███████████ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███ ███ ███████ ███████████ ██ █████████████ ██████ ██████████
We don’t know that other activist Social Darwinists disagreed with the idea of gender equality. So it doesn’t make sense to characterize Gilman as rejecting the doctrines of other activist Social Darwinists.
c
Unlike most Social ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ███████████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████████ ████████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ██████
Gilman was aligned with the activist group of Social Darwinists. The author never suggests that Gilman wasn’t similar to “most” Social Darwinists of her time. She may have been different from the non-activist Social Darwinists, but we don’t know that they were “most” Social Darwinists.
d
Gilman's version of ██████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ███████ █████ ██ ██ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██████ ██████
This best captures the main point, which is a description of Gilman’s views. Gilman believed that people had an
e
Gilman, whose important █████████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███████
The author isn’t trying to persuade us that Gilman should be recognized for her writings on social issues. The author is merely telling us about Gilman’s views. There’s a difference between telling us about someone’s views and arguing that those views should be recognized.