Self-study
P1
The novelist and social theorist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, whose writings were widely read and discussed in the early twentieth century, played an important role in the debate about the theories of Charles Darwin and their application to society. ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ █████████████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ █████ ███████████████ ███
Intro topic ·
Novelist and social theorist Charlotte Gilman
Played important role in debate about application of Darwin's theories to society.
First group ·
One group of Social Darwinists believed social interactions are determined by competitive struggle
Second group ·
Another group of Social Darwinists believed change can emerge through collective action
P2
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Gilman's perspective ·
Part of second group
Believed humans can redesign and mold our own societies.
Elaborate on Gilman's perspective ·
Gilman believed humans are ethically obligated to engage in societally relevant work
P3
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Gilman's actions ·
In her fiction and social theory, she urged women to work toward better society
Gilman's goal ·
Wanted society to abandon gender-specific work roles and hierarchical relationships
She believed that these were necessary at one time in our societal evolution. But future progress would require a restoration of balance between masculine and feminine traits.
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
26.
The passage can most accurately ██ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
a defense of ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ███████████ ██ █ ██████████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████
“Defense” doesn’t fit the author’s opinion. The author is neutrally describing Gilman’s views. He doesn’t try to defend anything from potential criticism.
b
a description of ███ ████ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ████ ███ ████████████ ██ █ ██████████ ██████
This is the best answer. The author describes the role played by a writer (Gilman) in an intellectual controversy (the debate between Social Darwinist camps) over the consequences of a scientific theory (the theory of evolution).
c
an explication of ███ ███████████ ██████ ██ ████████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ███████ ██████ ████████ ████ ████ ██████ █████████ █████
This doesn’t fit, because the passage is focused on Gilman’s views. (C) pretends like the passage is focused on identifying different points of disagreement between the two Social Darwinist camps. But that characterization ignores Gilman and the passage’s discussion of her views.
d
a defense of ███ ██████████████ ██ █ ██████████ ████████ ██████ ████████ ████ █ █████████ ██ █ █████████ ██████████████ ██ █████ █████
“Defense” doesn’t fit the author’s opinion. The author is neutrally describing Gilman’s views. He doesn’t try to defend anything from potential criticism.
e
an introduction to █ ███████ ████ ██ ██████████ ███████ █████████ ██ █ ████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ ██████
Gilman’s view isn’t a “version” of a “scientific theory.” The scientific theory is Darwin’s theory of evolution. Social Darwinists apply evolution to society. But this doesn’t make the Social Darwinists’ views a version of Darwin’s theory of evolution. There’s a difference between a version of a theory and the application of a theory to a different context.