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Support A chimp who displays feelings of affection toward the other members of its social group is more likely to be defended by these group members from raiders outside of the group—even at the risk of harm to these defenders—than are those chimps who rarely or never display feelings of affection toward their associates. ████ █████ █████ ████ █ ████████████ ████████████ █████████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ██ █████ ███████████ ██ ██ █████ ████████████ █████ ██████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████ ████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████████
Summary
The author concludes that affection plays the same role in chimp communities as it does in human communities.
Why does the author believe this? Because of the following:
Humans are more willing to face risks to protect people toward whom they feel affection.
A chimp who displays feelings of affection is more likely to be defended by other chimps than are the chimps who rarely display feelings of affection.
Notable Assumptions
Notice that the premise about humans concerns how humans are more likely to defend people that they feel affection for.
But the premise about chimps concerns how other chimps are more likely to defend a chimp that displays affection. There’s a mismatch!
Displaying affection toward others is different from being someone that others feel affection for. So how do the premises indicate a that affection plays the same role in human and chimp communities?
The author must be assuming that chimps that display affection are more likely to be chimps that others in the group feel affection for. And, that people for whom others feel affection are people who also display affection toward others.
21.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ████████
a
Chimps express their ████████ ████████████ ████████ ████ ████ █████
b
Feelings of affection ██ █████ ███████████ ███ ██ █████ █████████ █████████████
c
Feelings of affection ███ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ████ ██████
d
Expression of affection ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███████
e
Feelings of affection, ██ ████ █████ ███ █████ ████████████ ███ ███████ █████████ ███████ ██████████ █████████