Self-study
Passage A.
P1
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Music and Words ·
Can work well together
Words can bring out emotions but words are "inadequate" to express those emotions. This is where music comes in. It can express those emotions and cause further emotions to come out. So words benefit from being set to music.
P2
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Cost ·
Each art loses its purity
Subordinate words to music ·
Music is more expressive
Example ·
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony; operas
The aesthetic value mostly comes from the emotional range that music can bring forth.
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P3
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Two kinds of operas ·
1. Music is primary; 2. music and other factors have parity
1. Called singer's opera, Italian; 2. German, balances music and other factors.
Third Kind of Opera ·
Music is subordinate
Earliest opera were like this but nobody liked them.
P4
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Judging Operas ·
Must judge music and words together
Can be separately judged for formal analysis but in the end they have to work well together along with the other elements of the opera, e.g., "visual action."
Passage Style
19.
Which one of the following ██ █ █████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ █ ███ ████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██
a
An opera's nonmusical ████████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ █████████ ██████
Passage A thinks that operas
b
Even in operas █████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████ ███ ███████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████████
Passage B
c
An opera cannot ██ ████████████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████ ████████
We don’t know that Passage A would reject (C). Although Passage A thinks operas depend mainly on music for their aesthetic value, this doesn’t imply that an opera doesn’t need to balance many factors to be artistically successful. Passage A might agree that an opera still needs to balance the quality of various singers, the orchestra, conductor, etc. Even if you disagree with the analysis above, (C) is still wrong because we don’t know that Passage B would agree that an opera must balance many factors to be artistically successful.
d
In order for ██ █████ ██ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ██ ████████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████
Passage A would not reject this, because Passage A thinks music is more important than words in an opera. So Passage A would agree that music shouldn’t be subordinated to other features of an opera.
e
An opera's libretto ███ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ ██ ████████ █████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████
We don’t know that Passage A would reject this. Passage A could agree that we can analyze a libretto’s formal features separately from the music.