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Explanations

PT151.S2.Q14

SECTION 1 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2
Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3
Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4
Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

PrepTest 151 - Section 2 - Question 14

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Researcher: People are able to tell whether a person is extroverted just by looking at pictures in which the person has a neutral expression. █████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ █ ██████████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███ ████████████ ██████████████ █████ ███ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████

Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis

The researcher hypothesizes that it’s because of primate biology—not just culture—that humans can tell whether a person is extroverted by looking at a picture of their neutral expression. Why? Because people can identify dominant chimpanzees by looking at similar pictures, and humans and chimpanzees are both primates.

Notable Assumptions

The researcher assumes only primate biology can explain this ability in humans, and not something else besides culture. She assumes abilities acquired through culture are not enough to allow humans to identify dominant chimpanzees through pictures of their neutral expressions. She also assumes humans have the ability to identify extroverted humans for the same reason they can identify dominant chimpanzees.

Analysis by LukeWilson

Show answer

14.

Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ ███████████ ███ ████████████ █████████

People are generally ██████ ██ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ █████

If anything, this weakens the researcher’s argument. It implies the ability to identify dominant individuals through pictures doesn’t extend to all primates—which suggests something other than primate biology is at play.

Directionally wrong

Answers that, if they have any effect, do the opposite of what we want (weaken when we're trying to strengthen, or strengthen when we're trying to weaken).

People are able ██ ████████ █ █████ █████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ████ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ████████████

This is irrelevant. The researcher concludes primate biology allows humans to identify other extroverted humans—she makes no claim about other personality traits.

Extroversion in people ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ █ ███████ ██████████████ ██ ██████████████

This strengthens the researcher’s assumption that people are able to identify extroverted humans and dominant chimpanzees for the same reason. It implies humans in both cases are identifying genetically assertive individuals.

Causal mechanism

Answers that help establish how an alleged cause could produce the alleged effect.

Any common ancestor ██ ██████ ███ ███████████ █████ ████ ██ ████ █████ ████ █ ███████ █████ ████

This is irrelevant. It doesn’t change the fact that humans and chimpanzees are both primates, and the researcher credits primate biology—not a recent-ancestor relationship—for humans’ ability to identify extroverts.

Some of the ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ███████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ███████

If anything, this weakens the argument. It raises the possibility that humans aren’t actually that good at identifying extroverts among pictures of real people.

Difficulty

Question

88% of people who answer get this correct

This is a low-difficulty question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 120

121

75% 141

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Strengthen

Stems that ask us to provide an additional piece of information that, if true, would strengthen the argument in the stimulus.

Stimulus Tags

Causal reasoning

Stimuli that feature the logic of causation (e.g. phenomenon-hypothesis, causal chain, experiments).

Phenomenon-hypothesis (LR)

Stimuli that describe a state of affairs (phenomenon), then offer a conclusion as to what has caused that state of affairs (hypothesis). A sub-type of causal reasoning.

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

154

Directionally wrong

153

88%

160

Causal mechanism

159

157

Question history

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