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As part of a project to enhance the downtown area, the transit authority plans to build a majestic new subway station on the Longview line. ████████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ █ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██████ █ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████ █████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ███ █████ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ █████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █ ████ ██████ ███████ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ████ █ ██████ ███ ██ █████████
Summary
The author concludes that we should build a more modest subway station (instead of a majestic one) so that we can add a tunnel to the station.
Why?
Adding a tunnel to the station using the majestic subway design would be convenient for consumers, but it would put the project over budget.
The budget can’t be increased.
Notable Assumptions
The conclusion asserts that we “should” build a more modest (and presumably less expensive) subway station so that we can add a tunnel. But the premises don’t tell us anything about when we “should” do something. There’s an inherent value judgment in the conclusion, so we want a principle that tells us how to value things. Here’s one example:
If a more modest version of a project allows for a benefit that a more expensive project cannot, then the more modest version of the project should be used.
Here’s another example principle in the form of a preference of one value over another:
When building a subway station, convenience to commuters is the most important goal.
Let’s keep an open mind, because the correct answer can sound different from any principles we might predict.
11.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
a
The transit authority ██████ ██████ █ ██████ ███████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ███ ██████ █████████
b
The transit authority ██████ ████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ ████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ██████████
c
In the enhancement ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███████████ ██ █████████ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ ████ ████████ ███████
d
Unless a subway ███████ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ███ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ █████████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ █████ █ ████████
e
The new subway ███████ ██████ ███████ ███ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ███████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████