Self-study
Quartzbrook Farms wanted to test all of its cattle for a rare disease so it could export beef to a country that requires such testing. ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████████ ███████ ██████████ ██ ████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ █████ ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ █████████ ████ ███████ ███ ████ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████████████ █████████ ██ ███████████ █████████ ███ ██████
Summary
Quartzbrook Farms wanted to test all of its cattle for a rare disease in order to export beef to a country that requires such testing. However, Quartzbrook’s government prohibited the farm from testing its cattle. The government claims there is no scientific evidence the risk posed by the disease justifies such testing, and the public could be misled into thinking the testing was scientifically warranted if the farm performed the tests.
Notable Valid Inferences
For a Must Be False question, the four wrong answers will be statements that could be true. The correct answer will be something that cannot be true based on the stimulus. Here, we're looking for a principle that the government's prohibition of testing violates. Let's first understand the principle the government actually used -- if testing is scientifically unjustified and the public might be misled about the need for testing, then testing may be prohibited. Now, let's think about the principle that the government's prohibition contradicts -- if testing is scientifically unjustified and the public might be misled about the need for testing, the government still should not prohibit testing.
8.
The government's prohibition of testing ██ ████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████
a
Governments can rightfully ███████ ███████ ███████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ███████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ █████████
Must be false. The stimulus tells us that Quartzbrook’s government did prohibit testing and did so on the grounds that the risks posed by the disease did not justify testing. If there is a principle that governments cannot rightfully prohibit such testing, then the government's prohibition violates the principle.
b
Governments should seek ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ██████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ███ ██████ ███████ ████ ███████████ ██ █████████ ████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████████
Could be true. It is possible that Quartzbrook’s government had already investigated if product safety testing was justified or not.
c
A government should ███ █████ █ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ █████ ██████ ██ ██████████
This principle supports the government's prohibition. The consumers’ impression was the grounds for Quartzbrook’s government to prohibit the farm from testing their cattle.
d
A government should ███ █████ ██████████ █████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████
Could be true. The stimulus does not give us any information about the source of funding for the tests. It is possible that Quartzbrook Farms planned to pay for the testing privately without using taxpayer dollars.
e
It is fair ███ █ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████ █████████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ██ ████████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ██████
Could be true. The stimulus does not give us any information about Quartzbrook’s government requiring foreign companies to test. It is possible that Quartzbrook’s government imposes the same standards on foreign companies as it imposes on Quartzbrook Farms.