Self-study
Support If a garden does not receive plenty of water and sunlight and is not planted in rich soil, then it will not be productive. ████████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ██ █████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that Patricia’s garden will be productive. This is based on the fact that if a garden doesn’t have lots of water and sunlight, and isn’t planted in rich soil, it won’t be productive. However, Patricia’s garden will have lots of water and sunlight and will have rich soil.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author confuses sufficient and necessary conditions. We know that having lots of sunlight and water, and rich soil are necessary for a garden to be productive. But this doesn’t imply that possessing these qualities is sufficient to make a garden productive. A garden might still be unproductive even if it has lots of water and sunlight and rich soil.
8.
The reasoning in the argument ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ████████
a
fails to specify ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ███████
The failure to specify the exact meaning of “ideal” is not what makes the argument flawed. “Ideal” has its own meaning, and we can simply interpret the word using its dictionary definition.
b
infers a cause ████ █ ███████████
The argument does not assume correlation proves cause. There is no causal relationship being concluded or assumed. The author simply believes Patricia’s garden will be productive because it has certain necessary conditions for being productive.
c
confuses a cause ████ ███ ██████
There is no causal relationship being concluded or assumed. The author simply believes Patricia’s garden will be productive because it has certain necessary conditions for being productive.
d
takes a set ██ █████████ ██████████ ██ ██████████
The first premise establishes that water, sunlight, and rich soil are necessary for a garden to be productive. But the author mistakenly thinks those qualities are sufficient to guarantee that a garden will be productive.
e
relies on a ██████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ██████████████
The author doesn’t rely on a sample. We get a premise about Patricia’s garden, and the conclusion is about that same garden.