Self-study
This passage is based on an article published in 1996.
P1
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Problem ·
Decline of indigenous languages
Explanation ·
Government policies discouraged use of indigenous languages
Solution ·
More study and preservation of indigenous languages
Language classes in university, more representation in film and radio
P2
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Author's perspective ·
Radio is particularly effective
Support ·
Radio is accessible, practical, and strengthens communities
P3
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Threat to solution ·
Increasing Internet use
English dominates Internet, so indigenous speakers focus on English and neglect indigenous languages
Author's proposed solution ·
Indigneous radio programming should reflect indigenous oral traditions
P4
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Support ·
Correlation between culturally relevant programming and more use of Indiginous languages
Likewise, correlation between programming that lacks cultural relevance (i.e., language lessons) and dominance of English language
Details of author's solution ·
Elements of effective programming
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
11.
With which one of the █████████ ██████████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ██████
a
The preservation of ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ███ ████ ██ ████ ████████████ ████████████ ██ █████ █████████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████████
Strongly implied. In the author's analysis, successful radio programming should integrate language into community life, e.g.,
b
The preservation of ██████ █████████ ████ ████ ███████ ███████████ █████ █████ ███ █████ ███ █████████ █████ ███████ ██ █████ ████████████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████
The claim in (B) is that preservation → cooperation from (1) speakers of the language, (2) other members of their communities, and (3) members and institutions of society as a whole. The author may agree that (1) and (2) are necessary. But given that the author views language preservation as something that can succeed through the right kind of community efforts, it’s unclear that he views society-wide participation as required.
c
The main roadblock ██ ███ ████████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ██ █ ████ ██ █████████ █████ ██████ ██████ ██████████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ██ ██████ ███ ████████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ ███████ ████████████
Unsupported. The passage did not discuss lack of consensus among tribal elders.
d
The preservation of ██████ █████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ████████████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ █████████████ ███ ████████ ████████████
Unsupported. The passage did not discuss efficiency nor economic environment.
e
The preservation of ██████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████ ████████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██████ █████████████ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██████████
Anti-supported. The author views language preservation as something that can succeed through the right kind of community efforts.