Self-study
P1
With rapidly expanding populations, growing industrial development, and dwindling water supplies on national and regional levels, water is fast replacing oil as the world's most valuable resource. ██████████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ █████ ██ ████████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████████ ████████ ████ █████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███████████ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████ ████ █████████ ██ ██████ ███████ ████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████ ███ █████████████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ █████ ████████ ███
Problem ·
Water (the resource) becoming a source of international tension
Solution ·
United Nations
International Law Commission developed treaty structure for uses of international watercourses
P2
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Solution Details ·
The Draft Articles
Codify the principles of international water law; intended as guidelines for the creation of treaties between nations
SOLUTION DETAILS ·
The Draft Articles
Three precepts for water use: don't harm another nation; equitable and reasonable use; try to protect ecosystems
P3
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Conclusion ·
Critique of solution: Draft Articles are inadequate
Because they do not sufficiently contemplate future environmental changes
Premise ·
Draft Articles don't contemplate climate change
And the negative effects that will have on watercourses
P4
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Premise ·
Draft Articles are too rigid
If climate change alters the availability of water, the Draft Articles are too inflexible to respond to these changes, leading to unjust results
Premise ·
Solution to Draft Articles' deficiencies
Proportional shares of water; explicitly incorporating contingency plans
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
13.
The passage most strongly suggests ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ███ █████ ██████████ ███ █████ █████████
a
Water resources were ████████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████
Unsupported. The author raises concerns about countries’ future access to water, but she doesn’t suggest that access to water was good for any particular countries back when work first started on the Draft Articles.
b
Precipitation levels throughout ███ █████ ███ ████ █████████ ████████ ███ █ ██████ ██ ██████
Unsupported. The author says precipitation levels are expected to decline in some areas of the world, not that they already have been at all throughout the world.
c
Existing treaties governing █████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ███████ █████████ █████████████ ███████████
Unsupported. The Draft Articles make the point that environmental protection is important, but that doesn’t suggest that existing treaties failed to cover matters of environmental protection.
d
Conflicts over the ██████████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████████
Unsupported. The author says that the potential for conflict has increased, but doesn’t suggest that actual conflict has increased at any point.
e
Much of the ███████ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████████████ ████████████ ██████