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passage 4
Passage A.
P1
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Whorf's claim ·
Native language limits how we think
Weaken Whorf's claim ·
Claim lacks any evidence
P2
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New hypothesis ·
Native language emphasizes certain thinking
Contrast this with Whorf's claim. Whorf said language closes doors on how we think; author says actually, language just pushes us toward certain doors.
Example ·
Of hypothesis in action
Thinking of neighbors along gender lines.
P3
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Effect of grammatical gender ·
People think differently about an object depending on its word's gender
Illustration of effect ·
Masculine words associated with masculine traits; same for feminine words and feminine traits
Examples of various words in German and Spanish. Different word genders produced different associations.
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P4
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Passage B topic ·
How language influences numerical reasoning
This passage also looks at how language affects thinking, but focuses on numeracy
Describe study ·
Subjects lack precise language for number but still have some concept of number
P5
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Implications of study ·
Concept of number does not rely on language for number
Supports a "non-Whorfian" view; i.e., native language does not limit how we think.
Author's clarification ·
Subjects had concept of number but may not have been fully "numerate" (numerically literate)
Author's perspective ·
Study results open to wide interpretation
Having language for number either allows for precise numeracy (Whorfian view) or at least pushes one's thinking in that direction (non-Whorfian, consistent with the views passage A's author).
Passage Style
23.
Both passages are concerned with █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████
a
Are there limits ██ ███ ███████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ████████
b
What does scientific ████████ ██████ █████ ███ ████████ ███████ ████████ ███ ████████
c
Do differences among █████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ ██████
d
Were Whorf’s claims █████ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ████████
e
Is the influence ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████