Self-study
Knowledge of an ancient language is essential for reading original ancient documents. ████ ███████ ██████████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ███ █████ ████████ ███████ ████████ ███████ ██████████ ██████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████████████ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ██████████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that aspiring ancient-history scholars no longer need to learn ancient languages, even though ancient languages are necessary to read original ancient documents. This is because most ancient documents have been translated into modern languages, making them readable even by people who don’t know an ancient language.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author draws a general conclusion based only on what is most usually the case. The conclusion that ancient-history scholars don’t need to learn ancient languages is broad and absolute. However, even though “most” ancient documents have been translated, some may still require an ancient language. It’s also possible that reading a document in its original language could be valuable even if a translation is available.
8.
The argument is vulnerable to █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████████
a
It concludes that █████████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████
The author concludes that it is never necessary for ancient-history scholars to know ancient languages, on the grounds that “most” ancient documents have been translated. However, it’s still possible that ancient languages are necessary to read some untranslated documents.
b
A statement of ████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ██████ █ █████████ ██ ████████
The author doesn’t treat any factual statements as though they are just opinions.
c
The conclusion is ██ ████ ████ █ ███████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ███████████
The author’s conclusion (that ancient-history scholars don’t need to know ancient languages) is different from the supporting evidence (that most ancient documents have been translated).
d
The judgment of ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██ █████ █████ █████████ ██ ███████████
The author doesn’t bring up the judgment of experts.
e
Some of the ████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████████ ████ █████ ████████ █████████
The author doesn’t use inconsistent supporting evidence. The only point of support is that most ancient documents have been translated, which isn’t inconsistent with anything else stated.