Self-study
Support People who have doctorates in the liberal arts are interested in improving their intellects. ██████████ ████████ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ███ █████████ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ██ █ ███████ █████████ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████ █████
Summary
The author concludes that if you have a doctorate in the liberal arts, companies will rarely hire you. This is based on the following:
If you have a doctorate in the liberal arts, you are interested in improving your intellect.
If you are not concerned with the financial gain that you can get in the business world, then companies will rarely hire you.
Missing Connection
We’re trying to prove that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are rarely hired by companies.
We have a premise that leads to “rarely hired by companies” — if we can learn that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are not concerned with financial gain, that will establish that they are rarely hired by companies.
How can we prove that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are not concerned with financial gain? Well another premise tells us that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are interested in improving their intellects.
If we can show that “interested in improving intellects” leads to “not concerned with financial gain,” that will establish that people with doctorates in the liberal arts aren’t concerned with financial gain, which will in turn establish that they are rarely hired by companies.
15.
The conclusion of the argument ███████ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
Companies would hire ██████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
We’re trying to show that people with doctorates in liberal arts are rarely hired. To do this, we want to show that people with doctorates in liberal arts are not interested in financial gain. Learning what happens to people with doctorates in liberal arts if the ARE interested in financial gain doesn’t establish that these people are NOT interested in financial gain.
b
Some people who ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ██████
We don’t know whether people with doctorates in the liberal arts are among the “some people who are interested in the liberal arts” in this answer.
c
The only people ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████████
“The only” introduces a sufficient condition. (”Only” without “the” before it introduces necessary.) So (C) tells us that IF you’re not interested in making money, then you’re interested in improving intellect. But this reverses what we want. We want to know that if you’re interested in improving intellect, then you’re not interested in financial gain.
d
People with doctorates ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
(D) doesn’t establish that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are not interested in the financial gain of the business world. So it doesn’t prove that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are rarely hired by companies.
e
Only people not █████████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████████
“Only” introduces a necessary condition. So (E) tells us that if someone is interested in improving intellect, then that person is not concerned with making money in the business world. This provides the missing link between the two premises, which allows us to conclude that people with doctorates in the liberal arts are rarely hired by companies.