Self-study
The increasing complexity of scientific inquiry has led to a proliferation of multiauthored technical articles. ███████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ████ █████████████ █████████ █████████ ███████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ███████ ████ ████ ███████████
Summary
The increasing complexity of scientific inquiry has caused a proliferation of multiauthored technical articles. Reports of clinical trials with patients from several hospitals are usually coauthored by physicians from each hospital. Physics papers reporting results from experiments using subsystems developed at several laboratories usually have authors from each laboratory.
Notable Valid Inferences
Most reports of clinical trials with patients from several hospitals are coauthored. (We know this because these reports are usually coauthored by physicians from several hospitals.)
Most physics papers reporting results from experiments using subsystems developed at several laboratories are coauthored. (We know this because these papers generally have authors from each lab.)
24.
If all of the statements █████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ █████
a
Clinical trials involving ████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ █████ █████████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ████ ████ ███ █████████
Could be false. To say that these clinical trials are never conducted by a sole physician is too extreme. We know that these trials are usually conducted by multiple physicians, but this does not mean that all of them are.
b
Most reports of ████████ ██████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████████
Must be true. We know that most of these reports have multiple authors because the stimulus tells us that **usually** these reports are coauthored by physicians from each participating hospital.
c
When a technical ███████ ███ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ █████████ █████████████
Could be false. The information in the stimulus is restricted to certain clinical trials and physics papers. We don't know about all technical articles.
d
Physics papers authored ██ ███████████ ████ ████████ ████████████ ███████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██████████ █████████ ██ ████ ███████████
Could be false. This answer choice reverses a relationship in the stimulus. The stimulus tells us that usually physics papers about experiments using subsystems developed at each laboratory have authors from each laboratory. This does not imply that physics papers that are authored by multiple researchers usually report results related to subsystems. (The fact that X is usually Y does not imply that Y is usually X.)
e
Most technical articles ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████████ ███ █████████ ███ ███████████ █████ ████████ ███████
Could be false. The information in the stimulus is restricted to certain clinical trials and physics papers. We don't know about most technical articles.