Self-study
P1
Sometimes there is no more effective means of controlling an agricultural pest than giving free rein to its natural predators. █ ████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ █ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ██ █ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ █████████████ ███
Intro topic ·
Controlling cyclamen mites using Typhlodromus mites
Problem ·
Infestation of strawberry plants by cyclamen mites
Solution ·
Typhlodromus mites
Attack in second year of infestation, when cyclamen mite populations reach damaging levels
P2
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Introduce explanation ·
Several reasons why Typhlodromus is a good solution
Reason 1: Voracious appetite
Reason 2 ·
Typhlodromus population grows as quickly a cyclamen's
Both reproduce by parthenogenesis
Reasons 3 and 4 ·
Reproductive timing and alternative sources of food
Reason 3: Typhlodromus only reproduces when cyclamen prey is available.
Reason 4: Typhlodromus has other food sources, allowing it to survive when cyclamen mites are scarce.
Draw similarity ·
Typhlodromus is similar to other predators that control prey
Because of reasons 1-4
P3
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Support solution ·
Experiments correlate presence of Typhlodromus with lower cyclamen populations
P4
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Implications of experiment ·
Pesticide use can cause more harm than good...
...if pesticides kill predators like Typhlodromus
Reinforce implications ·
Where pesticide (parathion) used, Typhlodromus absent and cyclamen populations higher
Again, correlation between presence of Typhlodromus and lower cyclamen populations
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
24.
It can be inferred from ███ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ █████ ███ ███ ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████████████
a
If the use ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███████ █████ ████████████
We have no reason to think the author believes parathion should be used if predators don’t work.
b
Until the effects ██ ███ █████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ███ █████████ ████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████ ████████████
Not supported, because we have no reason to think the author cares about the effects of predators on other kinds of insects. What matters is whether the predators can kill cyclamen mites.
c
Insecticides should be ████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ███████████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ███████ █████████ ███ ██████ ███████████
d
If an insecticide ███ ███████████ ███████ ████ ███████████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ████████████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████████████
Not supported, because we don’t know whether the author would prefer a pesticide that kills both pests and predators over use of predators. We know she’d prefer use of predators over a pesticide that kills only predators, but that doesn’t tell us about her preference concerning a pesticide that kills both predators and prey.
e
Predators generally control ████ ███████████ ████ ███████████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ███
Not supported, because we don’t know whether predators generally don’t harm the crops that their prey feed on. The author never tells us whether they can harm the crops. In addition, even if you think there’s support for the claim that predators generally don’t harm the crops, this isn’t one of the things the author identifies as contributing to the effectiveness of T-mites in P2. So we have no reason to think the lack of harm to crops contributes to predators’ effectiveness.