Self-study
Because Support the statement "all gray rabbits are rabbits" is true, it follows by analogy that Conclusion the statement "all suspected criminals are criminals" is also true.
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that the statement “all suspected criminals are criminals” is true. He supports this with an analogy, saying that the statement “all gray rabbits are rabbits” is also true.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author analogizes between two things that are not relevantly similar to one another. Just because all gray rabbits are rabbits doesn't mean all suspected criminals are criminals, because the connection between being a gray rabbit and a rabbit is different from the connection between being a suspected criminal and a criminal.
Gray rabbits are a subset of all rabbits, but suspected criminals are not a subset of all criminals. Some suspected criminals may indeed be criminals, but some may not.
1.
The reasoning above is flawed ███████ ██ █████ ██ █████████ ████
a
the relationship between █████ █ ████████ ███ █████ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ █████████ ███ █████ ████
Like (B), the analogy rests on the relationship between being a gray rabbit and a rabbit, as analogized to the relationship between being a suspected criminal and a criminal. The relationships between being a criminal and a rabbit or being suspected and being gray are irrelevant.
b
the relationship between █████ █████████ ███ █████ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███ █████ █ ████████
Like (A), the analogy rests on the relationship between being a gray rabbit and a rabbit, as analogized to the relationship between being a suspected criminal and a criminal. The relationships described in (B) are irrelevant.
c
the relationship between █████ █ ████ ██████ ███ █████ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ █ █████████ ████████ ███ █████ █ ████████
All gray rabbits are rabbits, but not all suspected criminals are criminals. So the author’s argument relies on analogizing between two kinds of relationships that are not relevantly similar. One is a subset vs. superset relationship and the other is not.
d
not all rabbits ███ ████
This is true, but it doesn’t describe the flaw in the author’s argument. She claims that all gray rabbits are rabbits; this allows for the fact that some rabbits are not gray.
e
not all criminals ███ █████████
This is true, but it doesn’t describe the flaw in the author’s argument. She claims that all suspected criminals are criminals; this allows for the fact that some criminals are not suspected.