Self-paced
P1
Problem ·
Obstacles to studying ancient textiles
Traditional sources (archaeological remains and texts) don't sufficiently cover textiles. Textiles are destroyed over time. The textiles that have survived were usually discarded as useless.
Success in learning about textiles ·
Researchers have overcome the obstacles
P2
█████████████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████████ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ███████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ██████████ ██████████ █████ ██████ ████████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ ███████ ████████ ███████████ ███ ██████ ███████ ████ ███████ ████████ ███ ███████ ████████████████ ███ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████████ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ██ ██ ███████████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ █████████ █████████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ ████ ██████ ████ ████ █ ████████████ █████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████████████ ███ █████ ███ ███████████ ██████ ████ █ ██████████ ███████ ██ █████████ █████ ████ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ████████ ██████████████ ███████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███████████ ███████████ ██████ ███
How obstacles were overcome ·
Tech advances and change in philosophy of archaeology
New methods such as radiocarbon dating, infrared photography, and isotope "fingerprinting" can reveal more about textile materials and colors. Archaeologists now preserve all objects, even those that don't seem to have value.
Example ·
Dirty linen thought useless turned out to be oldest known complete garment
P3
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Additional advance ·
We now recreate how cloth was actually produced
This allows us to generate and check hypotheses about textiles and textile production in the past.
Examples ·
Identification of loom weights, evidence that a dress adorned a small statute as opposed to a large one
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
7.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████████
a
A particularly difficult ██████████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████
This is a good low-res, functional summary of P1. The problem of studying textiles with limited evidence is described so that we can understand the significance of the solutions, which are described in the rest of the passage.
b
A previously neglected ████ ██ ██████████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ████████ █████ █████████ ███████ ████████ █████████ ████ ████████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████
Descriptively inaccurate. (B) says that traditional sources of evidence led to certain views, and that the author criticizes those views using previously overlooked evidence. None of this occurs in P1 or anywhere else in the passage. The author doesn’t criticize anyone’s views or point to overlooked evidence. Instead, she lays out a problem and says that despite the difficulties, archaeologists are making progress. She then spends P2 and P3 explaining how they’re making that progress using new (not overlooked) sources of evidence.
c
The fruitfulness of ███ ███████████████ █████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ █████████████ ██████████████ ███████ █████ ██ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ ██████ █████████
Descriptively inaccurate. The author doesn’t argue that apparently insignificant remains ought to be preserved. She simply states—without any support—that they are being preserved, and she uses this fact as support for her actual argument: researchers are succeeding at overcoming the difficulties involved in studying textiles.
d
The findings of ██████ ██████████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███ █ █████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ ████████ ███ ████ ██████████████ ██ ███████████████
Descriptively inaccurate. P1 doesn’t outline any actual findings of archaeological research. The author just says that findings have been made, without describing any. Those findings are then outlined later, in P2 and P3. And the author also never claims that the role of women has been underestimated. She just says that the crafts practiced by women (specifically textiles) are difficult to study using traditional sources of evidence.
e
A recently developed ██████ ██ ██████████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ██ █████ █████████
Descriptively inaccurate. P1 describes a branch of archaeology that focuses on textiles, but nothing suggests it’s a recently developed branch. And while author does go on to lay out various new technologies that textile researchers are using in P2, she never argues that other branches aren’t using these technologies or that they should.