Self-study
Only Canadian films are shown at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival. ████ █████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████████ ████ ██████████
Summary
The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:
Notable Valid Inferences
Some of the films that were shown at the Lac festival won prizes at international film festivals.
All the films that won prizes at the Lac festival were Canadian.
Some of the films that won prizes at international film festivals this year were Canadian.
14.
If the above statements are █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ████ ████ ██ █████
a
This year, most ██ ███ ████████ █████ ████ ████ █████ ██ █████████████ ████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ████ █████████
Could be false. We don’t know what percentage of the Canadian films shown at international festivals won at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival. What if the international film festivals showed 1000 Canadian films, and only 10 films total won prizes at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival?
b
Most of the ████████ █████ ████████ ████ ████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ████ █████████
Could be false. The stimulus gives us no information about what percentage of Canadian films produced this year were shown at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival.
c
Some of the █████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ████ ████████ ██████
Must be true. When we chain the conditional claims, the “some” relationship becomes clear: all films that won at the Lac Festival were Canadian, and most of those won prizes at international festivals, so at least those films both won at international festivals and are Canadian.
d
This year, not █████ ████ ████ ███ █ █████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ████ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ██ █████████████ ████ █████████
Could be false. It’s very possible that every film that won a prize at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival was also shown at an international film festival—after all, most of them won at the international festivals!
e
This year, at █████ ███ ████ ████ ███ █ █████ ██ ██ █████████████ ████ ████████ ███ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ████ █████████
Could be false. Maybe the Lac Nichoutec movies were the best films in the world this year and every international festival winner was shown there! Maybe they were the only movies submitted to the international film festivals! The stimulus does nothing to make this impossible.