Self-study
P1
Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. ████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ████████████ █████████ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ███████████ █████████████ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ██████████
Context ·
Literature has often aspired to contain features of music
Spotlight ·
Toni Morrison's novel Jazz
First African American writer to use a musical genre as a structuring principle for an entire novel. Other writers had used musicians and music as themes and metaphors in writing.
P2
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Connection to music in Morrison's novel ·
Content and form is like the music genre jazz
Narration shifts between third-person omniscience of narrator and first-person from key characters. These shifts show that narrative is cohesive, but acknowledges separate speakers by using quotation marks. Similar to the music jazz in way jazz band combines overall ensemble sound with solo performances.
P3
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Similarities between music jazz and novel Jazz ·
Music jazz allows unique voices within cohesive composition
Morrison's novel achieves the same effect that Duke Ellington created in his jazz compositions.
P4
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Appreciation for Morrison's novel ·
Redefines possibilities of narrative point of view
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
16.
The author's discussion in the █████ █████████ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████
a
from a common █████ █████ ███ █████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ █ ██████████ █████ █ ██████████ ██████████
The author doesn’t deny that a common claim applies to the African American tradition. Rather, the author emphasizes that the African American tradition demonstrates the common claim about art.
b
from a general ██████ █████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ █ ███████ ███████████ █████ █ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ █ ████████ ███████ █████ █ ██████████ ████ ████ ███████████ ███ █████ ███████
This best captures the structure of P1. It starts by commenting about two art forms (literature and music), moves to an observation about a particular artistic tradition (the African American musical tradition), and finally to a specific comment about a particular work (Jazz) that exemplifies the previous remarks.
c
from a description ██ █ ██████ █████ █████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ████████ ████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ██ █████████ █████████ █ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ███████
The author doesn’t present “specific evidence that supports” the common claim about two art forms. Rather, immediately after that common claim, the author comments on the African American musical tradition. This comment on the African American musical tradition isn’t presented as evidence about the common claim concerning literature and art.
d
from an observation █████ █ ████████ ███ █████ ██ █ ████ ███████ █████ █████ ███ █████████████ ██ ████ ███████████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ██████████████ ██ ███ █████ ███████████
P1 doesn’t move from specific to more general. It moves from general to more specific.
e
from general comments █████ ███ █████ ██ █ █████████ ██████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ █ ███████████ ██ █ ██████████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ███ ████████ ████████
The author doesn’t present any purported counterexample to the general comments about literature and art.