PT155.S4.Q20 > Question

SECTION 1 · lr

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SECTION 2 · lr

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2

Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15

PASSAGE 3

Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22

PASSAGE 4

Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 4 · lr

The author concludes that a highly literate society will be a democratic one. This is based on the following facts:

Democracy requires free choices.

Free choices require well-reasononed opinions.

Well-reasoning opinions require reading skills.

The author confuses necessary conditions for sufficient conditions. Reading skills are necessary for well-reasoned opinions. But that doesn’t imply reading skills are enough for well-reasoned opinions. In addition, well-reasoned opinions are necessary for free choices, but that doesn’t imply they are sufficient for such choices. And free choices are necessary for democracy, but that doesn’t imply they are sufficient for democracy.

The author confuses all of the necessary conditions described for sufficient conditions. This is why the author thinks a highly literate society (one with lots of reading skills) will be a democratic one.

Whether there are many ways to form well-reasoned opinion has no impact on the argument. We know reading skills are necessary for well-formed opinions. The author mistakenly believes having reading skills is sufficient for such opinions.

The “reasons” for doing something — meaning, the motivations for doing something — are irrelevant. The flaw concerns a confusion of necessary and sufficient conditions. Why people take certain actions has no impact on the reasoning.

There’s no generalization. The author’s conclusion concerns the Information Age, and the premises also concern the Information Age.

(E) doesn’t describe flawed logic. If X is a condition under which Y occurs, then X is also a condition under which prerequisites for Y occur (because prerequisites are necessary). In other words, if X implies Y, then it also implies everything necessary for Y.

PrepTest 155 - Section 4 - Question 20

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