Self-study
Support No one who works at Leila's Electronics has received both a poor performance evaluation and a raise. ██████ ███ ███ ████████ █ ██████ ██ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █ ████ ███████████ ███████████
Method of Reasoning
The argument starts by describing a characteristic of a group (if you work at Leila’s Electronics, it’s not possible that you’ve received both a poor performance evaluation and a raise) and then describes characteristics of an individual in that group (Lester hasn’t received a raise so he must have received a poor performance evaluation).
Identify and Describe Flaw
The argument errs because it’s possible that Lester has received neither a raise nor a poor performance evaluation. The argument acts as if because Lester hasn’t received a raise, we can infer that he has received a poor performance evaluation. However, according to the premises, it’s just not possible that an employee of Leila’s Electronics has received both a poor performance evaluation and a raise.
24.
The flawed reasoning in the ████████ █████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████
a
No one who █████ ██ █ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ███
No flaw. It’s not possible to live in a house and both own it and pay rent on it. The next-door neighbor pays rent, so it’s not possible that they own their house.
b
No one who █████ ██ █ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ █████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ████ ██ ███
No flaw. It’s not possible to live in a house and both own it and pay rent on it. The next-door neighbor owns their house, so it’s not possible that they pay rent on their house.
c
My neighbors have ███ ████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████ █████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ █ █████ ███ ████ ███ ████ ██ ████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███
Wrong flaw. (C) says that if you live in a house and you don’t rent it, you must own it. Because the neighbors haven’t paid rent, the author concludes that they must own the house. However, the author overlooks the possibility that the neighbors are renting the house without paying rent. In the stimulus, meanwhile, the author errs because he fails to consider that employees at Leila’s Electronics could have neither received a raise nor received a poor performance evaluation.
d
My next-door neighbors ██ ███ ███ █████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ███ █████ ██ █ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████
The argument describes a characteristic of a group (if you’re a homeowner, you can’t both own the house and pay rent on it) and then describes characteristics of individuals in that group (the neighbors don’t own their house, so they must pay rent on it). This commits the same flaw as the stimulus of failing to consider that the neighbors may both not own the house and not pay rent on it.
e
Anyone who lives ██ █ █████ ███ ████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ ██ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ ███ █████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ███
No flaw. If you don’t own your house, you must pay rent on it. The neighbors don’t own their house, so they must pay rent on it.