Self-study
P1
When interviewing witnesses to a crime, police interviewers seek to maximize the amount of information that a cooperating eyewitness can give them so that they can generate leads to follow, confirm or disconfirm .
Intro to Topic ·
Police interviews of eyewitnesses
Goal is to maximize the amount of true information from eyewitnesses. How do police do this?
Method 1 ·
Cognitive interview
P2
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Description ·
Development, adoption, and techniques
Success ·
Increases number of true recalls without increasing false recalls
Problem ·
Too hard to implement
Cognitive interview is complex. Too hard to learn. Too hard to implement. So it's great if it's executed properly but it's too hard to execute properly.
P3
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Method 2 ·
Hypnosis
Problem ·
May increase false reports; may increase false confidence; not all witnesses are susceptible to hypnosis
While hypnosis is easier to execute than cognitive interview, it has a lot of downsides.
P4
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Ideal Solution / Method ·
3 criteria
1. requires no special training (better than cognitive interview); 2. can be applied to everyone (better than hypnosis); 3. has positive effect on true recall with no increase in false recall (better than hypnosis).
Method 3 / Ideal Solution ·
Close your eyes
Just tell witnesses to close their eyes as they are recalling.
Evidence of Success ·
"Close your eyes" is the best method
Improve true recall to similar degree as cognitive interview. Everyone can use this technique, unlike hypnosis. Doesn't require any specialized training, unlike cognitive interview.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
11.
Which one of the following █████████ █ ████████████ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███ ████ █████ ███████ ███ █████████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ████████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Studies show that ███████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ █████ ███████████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ █████████ ████████ ██ █ ████ ████████ ██████
This doesn’t involve one technique that’s part of the other technique. Frequent light exercise isn’t part of “most strenuous exercise on a less frequent basis.”
b
Reduced consumption of █████████ ███ ████████ ████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ █████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███████████ ██████
This is the most analogous. The techniques have equal benefits. And, fiber consumption is part of “reduced consumption of saturated fat combined with an increase consumption of fiber” in the same way that eye-closure is a part of the cognitive interview technique.
c
Consumption of moderate ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████████ ███ █████████ ████████ ███████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███████ █████ █████████
This doesn’t describe two techniques with equal benefits.
d
Research has shown ████ █ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ████████████ █████████ ████
This doesn’t describe two techniques with equal benefits.
e
Studies suggest that ████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██████████ ██████ █████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ████████ ███ ██ ████████ ███████ ████████ ██████
This doesn’t describe two techniques with equal benefits.