Self-study
Studies have shown that Support those who take daily doses of vitamin C are less likely to contract colds than are those who do not. █████ ██ █ ██████ █████████ █ █████ ██ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ████ █████ █████ ██ ███████ ██
Method of Reasoning
The argument cites a negative correlation between two things (taking vitamin C makes contracting colds less likely), then concludes that if one thing has happened (contracting a cold), the other probably hasn't happened (probably no vitamin C).
The Flaw
This argument assumes that because vitamin C users are less likely to catch colds, anyone who catches a cold probably doesn’t take vitamin C. However, it never establishes the relative sizes of the groups involved. If nearly everyone takes vitamin C, then even if it reduces one’s chances of catching a cold, most people who get colds could still be vitamin C users.
Analysis by MichaelWright
11.
The questionable reasoning in the ████████ █████ ████ ███████ █████████ ████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
To be classified ██ █ ██████████ █ ████████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ████ ████ █████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ █████ ████ ███████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ███ ███████████
b
Everyone who ate ███ ████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ███ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ████ ████████
c
Laboratory rats given ██ █████████ ███████████ ████ ████ ██ ██ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████ █ ████ ████████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ██████ █ █████ ████ ████ ████ ████ ███████ ███
d
People who train ██████████ ██ ████ █████ ███ ███████ █ ███████ █████ ██ ████████████ ██ █████ ███████ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ████ ██████
e
Automobile engines that ███████ ███████ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ███████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ████████