Self-study
P1
When interviewing witnesses to a crime, police interviewers seek to maximize the amount of information that a cooperating eyewitness can give them so that they can generate leads to follow, confirm or disconfirm .
Intro to Topic ·
Police interviews of eyewitnesses
Goal is to maximize the amount of true information from eyewitnesses. How do police do this?
Method 1 ·
Cognitive interview
P2
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Description ·
Development, adoption, and techniques
Success ·
Increases number of true recalls without increasing false recalls
Problem ·
Too hard to implement
Cognitive interview is complex. Too hard to learn. Too hard to implement. So it's great if it's executed properly but it's too hard to execute properly.
P3
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Method 2 ·
Hypnosis
Problem ·
May increase false reports; may increase false confidence; not all witnesses are susceptible to hypnosis
While hypnosis is easier to execute than cognitive interview, it has a lot of downsides.
P4
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Ideal Solution / Method ·
3 criteria
1. requires no special training (better than cognitive interview); 2. can be applied to everyone (better than hypnosis); 3. has positive effect on true recall with no increase in false recall (better than hypnosis).
Method 3 / Ideal Solution ·
Close your eyes
Just tell witnesses to close their eyes as they are recalling.
Evidence of Success ·
"Close your eyes" is the best method
Improve true recall to similar degree as cognitive interview. Everyone can use this technique, unlike hypnosis. Doesn't require any specialized training, unlike cognitive interview.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
10.
It can be inferred from ███ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ████████ ████████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████████████
a
Interviews yield more ██████████ ███████████ ████ ████████ ████████████
The author doesn’t suggest that hypnotic interviews produce “more” inaccurate information compared to accurate information. Although it can lead to less overall accuracy, that doesn’t mean most of the information provided is inaccurate. For example, going from 90% accurate to 80% accurate is still a decrease in accuracy.
b
Interviewers are overly █████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ██████████ ████ ████ ████████ ██████████
The “false confidence” effect refers to the witnesses’ confidence, not the interviewers’ confidence.
c
Interviewers are not ████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ █ ███████ ██ █████████████ ███████ ███ ████████████
There’s no evidence that interviewers are unable to attempt detects at deception. Deception isn’t discussed.
d
Interviewers are not ████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ██ █ ███████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ██ ██ ███ ██ ██████████ █████ ████████
e
Interviewees become less ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████ █████████ ██ █ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ████████
There’s no evidence that hypnosis becomes less effective over the course of the interview.